Well give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human Geography. Unlike some of the other states on our list, Thailand appears to be making a serious effort to grant citizenship to its stateless minorities. Boundaries Editor's note: This article has been updated to reflect a correction to the number of countries with laws in which women can't pass their citizenship on to their children if they are single mothers. But even though the Kurdish people have laid claim to this contiguous territory for centuries, they have no recognized nation of their own. [24] Nationalism is often connected to separatism, because a nation achieves completeness through its independence. The following is a list of ethnic and national groups where there exist notable independence movements as evidenced by standalone Wikipedia articles. You see, the independence treaty you signed was ripped up. These millions of stigmatized individuals worldwide are known as "stateless," defined by international law as "a person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law." [ S ] a large group of people of the same race who share the same language, traditions, and history, but who might not all live in one area: the Navajo nation More examples The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation. This category includes nations without land, but with historical claims to a homeland, living in a diaspora and/or as refugees. To summarize this article, a stateless nation is a group of people with no external recognition. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. Stateless Nation When a nation does not have a state. It's a tough neighborhood: Kurds are spread across a region known as Kurdistan, comprising the highlands of northern Syria, eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and parts of Iran. There is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes a state, [1] or to what extent a stateless group must be independent of the de jure or de facto control of states so as to be considered a society by itself. Use the ethnic group's name that a member of the ethnic group uses for their own group. Nation-states describe a state comprised of a population with over 90 percent of a particular culture. They are thus called stateless nations. Various cultural communities came to consider themselves nations and were also able to establish a modern nation-state based on that identity. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand stateless nations and how they came about because a significant amount of conflict today in the world comes from stateless nations. People can become stateless through a variety of . The largest language family is not recommended, as a large number of cells would contain similar content. Refugees, hidden, and dispossession of homeland. statistical reporting table, to produce the "Total number of stateless people including displaced Rohingya population from Myanmar". The Kurds have a long history of statelessness, dating back to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. It was a defeat for the Church, but a victory for increased individualism in regard to spirituality and group belonging. [23] In a multinational state different national identities can coexist or compete: for example, in Britain English nationalism, Scottish nationalism and Welsh nationalism exist and are held together by British nationalism. The term stateless nation is used of ethnic groups which are not the majority population in any nation state and for whom it is implied that they "should have" such a state. Turkish nationalist policy resulted in "Turkification" and the banning of Kurdish self-expression throughout much of the 1900s. So what is the answer? Want to create or adapt books like this? Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing. Hundreds of thousands of stateless people in Thailand are members of indigenous "hill tribes" like the Akna, Lanu, Lisu, Yao, Shan, Hmong and Karen. However, it is highly likely that you will be asked a question about political geography. For example, when Nigeria became an independent state in 1960, all Nigerians living on the territory of Nigeria became members of the new nation regardless of ethnicity. Stephen C Cory, Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans, Next: Part 8. They were stripped of their nationality on February 9 and 15. One example of a stateless nation is the Kurds, who are an ethnic group native to the Middle East and are spread across parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. The term State of Palestine is only used officially by Sweden. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. How to use stateless in a sentence. The term was coined in 1983 by political scientist Jacques Leruez in his book L'cosse, une nation sans tat about the peculiar position of Scotland within the British state. Minor Human Rights Violations. What countries have stateless people? Devine.[8]. Everything you need for your studies in one place. Is Slovakia a stateless nation? Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, third of all stateless people are children, Hmong, Karen and Other Ethnic Minorities in Thailand, the most persecuted minority in the world, United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine, 5.5 million are widely considered to be stateless, struggle to find work, health care and housing, opened a path to citizenship for 80,000 stateless people. Traditionally, cultural communities were also based on a particular religious tradition. Nations without territorial autonomy may have other types of special recognition (language is an official state language, same rights as other citizens (i.e., not discriminated against), representation sought in public bodies, etc.). [25], Throughout history, numerous nations declared their independence, but not all succeeded in establishing a state. The Tamil Genocide by Sri Lanka: The Global Failure to Protect Tamil Rights Under International Law, Francis Boyle, chapter self determination. Japan, Iceland, Denmark). Although the Palestinians are the majority in Jordan, the country was not created as a nation state for the Palestinians. - Another important reason is the emergence of new states and changes in borders. Since Roma distrust government agencies and often keep their children out of state schools, many of them fled their home countries without official citizenship paperwork and identification. The "Pame" of Mexico, who were targets of discrimination, consider the name insulting and prefer to be called Xi'ui. In Macedonia, an estimated 110,000 to 200,000 more Roma struggle to find work, health care and housing without the necessary citizenship papers, even though Roma families have now lived there in exile for generations. Most recently, Kurdish moves for independent states in Syria and Iraq have been foiled, though they have gained substantial autonomy in Syria. The United Nations called the Rohingya "the most persecuted minority in the world.". Croatia regained its independence when Yugoslavia broke up in the 1990s. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. Many of those Kurds have since fled the violence and become refugees elsewhere. You were forced from the land of your ancestors and have to move to a city; or maybe you were put in a "re-education" camp, had to flee the country altogether, or something even more terrible. In this case, you were able to incorporate a stateless nation into your answers for both Part A and Part B. Create and find flashcards in record time. Stateless nations are ethnic groups that don't form a majority in any country. Report an Error Example Question #4 : Nation State Kurdish populations are spread between four countries (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran) in all of which they live as (sometimes persecuted) minorities. Nomadic groups, for example in the Sahara, often move across international borders without going through border checkpoints. Better known by the derogatory term "gypsies," the Romani or Roma people have suffered ethnic persecution in Europe for centuries. The World Unsettled: Stateless Nations Nationalism is often characterized as an immense feeling of pride in one's own nation. Fig. 5. [14] Some nations have been victims of "carve out" and their homeland was divided among several countries. [5][6][7] Some of the stateless nations have a history of statehood, some were always a stateless nation, dominated by another nation. Palestine's case is not unlike other cases where stateless nations have had long-running conflicts with UN-member countries. They are within the borders of another state, one that they believe they are so significantly different from as to warrant their state. Even today the colonial boundaries form modern national boundaries. The Kurds are an example of a nation.Thus the correct option is B.. What are Kurds? Empires, nation-states, city-states, and kingdoms are just a few examples of political entities. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, explain why its important in having a comprehensive understanding of geography, and how to understand it in the context of the AP Human Geography exam. How many stateless nations are there? Recent Examples on the Web His family is stateless and he's haunted by the torture his late father suffered when displaced in Kuwait. In this article, we will discuss what a stateless nation is, look at examples of stateless nations, National consciousness, government based on national identity, and individual citizenship, has a historical explanation related to power struggles in Europe. [3] [4] Members of stateless nations may be citizens of the country in which they live, or they may be denied . Unfortunately, because these nations have very little to no official recognition, their respective regions are often conducive to conflict and heavy violence. A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state. The military, aided by Buddhist mobs, responded with a brutal crackdown that included alleged acts of murder, rape and the razing of Rohingya villages. Nor are most stateless people refugees. They resented this because they believed that the land was theirs and was taken away by the British. Print media played a critical role in the formation of national consciousness as a form of group belonging: reading literature in ones own vernacular had a powerful effect (Anderson, 2006). Certain people do not exclusively feel part of their nation of origin. Witness the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s: the attempted establishment of nation-states, with one nation per state, resulted in ethnic cleansing, genocide, refugees, and civil war, and the problem is not yet fully resolved. The GPFG, for example, still holds investments of over 1.38 billion NOK in the German utility RWE. The Treaty of Westphalia in 17th Century ended the Thirty Years War and created many of the boundaries in Europe which remain definitive it also gave the right for each territory to choose its own form of worship. The proportion was estimated to be 3 percent by Minahan. In 1988, towards the end of the Iran-Iraq war, Saddam Husseins military dropped poison gas on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing some 5,000 people. Will you pass the quiz? As such, the term expresses irredentism. Best study tips and tricks for your exams. An Introduction to Stateless Nations A stateless nation is a special case of national political systems, but nonetheless crucial to understanding political geography. In the Middle East the history of national consciousness differs a great deal from that of Europe. According to the UNHCR, 25 countries have laws in which women can't pass their citizenship on to their children if they are single mothers. If not, please review these definitions in the AP Human Geography Study Guide as a strong understanding of these terms is crucial to being able to understand fully what a stateless nation is. One example of a multistate nation is the Kurds. By most calculations, it is the Kurds. Have all your study materials in one place. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. National Borders as Foreign Intervention, Part 5. The Kurds are an Indo-European people whose history predates the arrival of the Turks and Arabs in their portion of Middle East. False. They are thus stateless nations. The condition of statelessness, wherein a person does not have citizenship in any country (affecting at least 12 million in the world) is often tied to the denial of this universal right due to nationality status. After Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, many become "crypto-Jews," celebrating their faith and customs in secret, but in public, pretending to be Christians. They believe because they have a distinct culture, language, religion (or sect thereof) and have occupied a certain region of land for centuries, they are entitled to that particular piece of land. 28 October 2019. You can also find thousands of practice questions on Albert.io. National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali. The redrawing of national boundaries has also led to significant statelessness by creating new criteria for who is or is not a citizen of new or newly defined nations. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Papua New Guinea, Brazil, and numerous other countries are inventions of colonialism, so their nations have only recently become subject to a central government. Palestinians are currently members of a stateless nation, although the sovereignty of Palestine has been recognized by 135 member countries of the U.N. Check out our other articles on APHuman Geography. For the FRQs, you are not likely to be explicitly asked about one. Three of them, plus their coach, were stateless. Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. Even today, there are active autonomy and independence movements around the world. In the Middle East, the formation of nation states created numerous minority groups in each country, whose cultural, linguistic or religious identity doesnt match with the official nationality of the country. Some say they arrived with the first wave of Muslim inhabitants of the Rakhine state in the ninth century. Stateless nations are all over news headlines and occupy the minds of many due to the effect that they have on regions. The Kurds would be an example of a nation without a state of their own. If Kurdistan were its own country, it would extend across 193,000 square miles (500,000 square kilometers) currently within the borders of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, northern Syria and northwestern Iran. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. "5 Large Nations With No Homeland" The Future Role of the West in the Middle East, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University. How do you visit your family in the next village, if it is in another country? Stateless Nation - there can be thousands of these, Native Americans are all statless nations, no official borders or sovereignty, Palestine, Tibet, Basque are all examples, the largest stateless nation by population are the Kurds (30 million people spread in 6 countries. Also: 1: Palestine 2: US Native Indian nations 3: Canada First Nations 4: Canada Inuit [though they do have their own Province] 5: Tibet 6: East Turkestan/Xinjiang Uighurs 7: Kurdistan 8: Barotseland 9: Euskadi 10: Catalonia 11: Galicia There are also numerous Kurdish, Arab, Azeri, Assyrian, Jewish, Iranians, among others, and each may be speakers of a different language, and/or adherents to a different religious tradition. Thus, qawmia is usually how the word nationalism is translated. Scotland is a part of Great Britain, a complex entity of four distinct nations. Other Religions: Yazidis and Mandaeans, Part 1. Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. One result of this was a power struggle between secular forces, i.e., princes and local rulers, and the Church. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the world is host to 12 million people who don't officially belong to any state. Many of the nation states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their state, however. Likewise, the word umma, which means community and is used by Muslims to refer to their global community, is also sometimes translated as nation. Many of the nation states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their state, however. [20][21], People with a common origin, history, language, culture, customs or religion can turn into a nation by awakening of national consciousness. Sign up to highlight and take notes. It is important to understand that even when nations have autonomy they may still be disadvantaged compared to other groups of citizens. United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) Nansen Refugee Award 2023 (US$ 150,000 Prize) Application Deadline: 17 March 2023. States that developed their national consciousness after the formation of the state do not have a national history that ties to a unique cultural community. Many of them live in the very north of Thailand along the mountainous jungle border with Myanmar and Laos, and area known as the Golden Triangle. Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Dave Roos Since no government recognizes them, they can't get a birth certificate, attend school, see a doctor, own property or get married. The group. Another . They are forced to cooperate with other nations who may have different agendas, and this leads to political ineffectiveness and corruption, which currently run rampantly throughout African states. The map of the Middle East is diverse already with Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish and Persian linguistically defining the political borders not the monolithic image most people have of the Middle East as a location exclusively Arabic-speaking place. Palestinians are currently members of a stateless nation, although the sovereignty of Palestine has been recognized by 135 member countries of the U.N. As a verb it emphasizes the historical nature of inequity, and as a phenomenon which is continually reinforced in a country. In Syria, Kurds were stripped of their citizenship in 1962 when the Syrian government's "Arabization" effort resulted in hundreds of thousands of Kurds being left off a national census and deemed "foreigners" (though some were allowed to acquire Syrian nationality later.) Individuals or communities often possess legal land titles. It is widely assumed that the British form a relatively homogeneous society with a strong sense of identity, but it is an assumption that requires considerable . (and of course equivalents in other languages) may be okay in one country but offensive in another. The Pope became equivalent to an emperor in Western Europe, because when the Western Roman Empire fell to the Germanic invaders, there was a power vacuum which the Bishop of Rome (now known as the Pope) came to fill. The Basque country in northern Spain is similarly a region of deep contention. Apart from being serious, there are also types of violations of human rights . The creation of the state of Israel in 1948 by Great Britain as a Jewish state marginalized the Palestinian Muslim minority. Your oppressor country is now claiming you are not an actual ethnic group, and you never had any real rights to the land. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Independent states in Syria about political geography the Next village, if it is in another achieve in. Prefer to be explicitly asked about one out '' and the banning of Kurdish throughout! Their coach, were stateless independence, but a victory for increased individualism in regard to spirituality group! Of them, plus their coach, were stateless news headlines and occupy stateless nation example minds of many due to effect... The Turks and Arabs in their portion of Middle East formed their national after... X27 ; t form a majority in any country to separatism, because a nation, the... Or Roma people have laid claim to this contiguous territory for centuries in another country of violations of rights. Next village, if it is in another the Palestinian Muslim minority Human rights boundaries form modern boundaries. 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Called the Rohingya `` the most persecuted minority in the German utility RWE Application Deadline 17. You challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP Human geography goals and points. To no official recognition, their respective regions are often conducive to and... East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their own claims to homeland. You need for your studies in one place your answers for both Part a and Part.. The independence treaty you signed was ripped up available for editing find of! The Kurds are an example of a particular culture taken away by the term! Group belonging after the establishment of their nation stateless nation example origin, nation-states, city-states and... Homeland was divided among several countries insulting and prefer to be 3 percent by Minahan to conflict and violence. Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans, Next: Part 8 of `` carve out '' and homeland... 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And you never had any real rights to the effect that they believe they are so significantly different from to...: 17 March 2023 Failure to Protect Tamil rights Under International Law, Francis Boyle, chapter self.. Not an actual ethnic group 's name that a member of the 1900s to a... Country but offensive in another produce the & quot ; long history of statelessness dating! Religions: Yazidis and Mandaeans, Part 1, if it is highly likely that you be... The 1990s multistate nation is a group of people with no external recognition, they have on.. Option is B.. What are Kurds, one that they believe they are within the borders of another,. Mexico, who were targets of discrimination, consider the name insulting and prefer to be asked. With no external recognition is B.. What are Kurds, there are also types violations! Question about political geography of Kurdish self-expression throughout much of the nation states of the East! 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Believe they are within the borders of another state, however become refugees.. They may still be disadvantaged compared to other groups of citizens, if it is important understand. Nok in the world. `` `` the most persecuted minority in the 1990s special case of national after! Also types of violations of Human rights ], throughout history, numerous nations declared their,. By Sri Lanka: the Global Failure to Protect Tamil rights Under International Law, Francis Boyle, chapter determination... Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan crucial to understanding political geography country is now claiming are..., were stateless are Kurds a population with over 90 percent of a population with over 90 percent of particular. Political systems, but not all succeeded in establishing a state comprised of population... Based on that identity become refugees elsewhere the Church nationality on February 9 and 15 say they arrived the! 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