Members of this superfamily first arose in the late Cretaceous, about 10065 million years ago (Mya). Adult American alligators can growl, hiss, or cough to threaten others and declare territory. [44], While noticeable in very mature specimens, the sexual dimorphism in size of the American alligator is relatively modest among crocodilians. [5][6] On rare occasions, a large, old male may grow to an even greater length. 7 min read. 911 Call Reveals Moments After Gator Attacks Elderly Woman. Georgia The state of Georgia is no stranger to Alligators, and that is particularly true for the southeast quadrant of the state. The 11 feet-long gator was later captured and killed. Adult alligators regularly cannibalize younger individuals, though estimates of the rate of cannibalism vary widely. Large groups of animals bellow together for a few minutes a few times a day, usually one to three hours after sunrise. Louisiana has the highest alligator population, currently approaching 2 million. Through LDWF's extensive research and wise management that includes sustainable wild harvest and alligator farming, Louisiana's wild alligator population has increased from less than 100,000 to more than 2 million in the past 50 years. They are grouped in the family Alligatoridae with the caimans. The American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ), sometimes referred to colloquially as a gator or common alligator, is a large crocodilian reptile native to the Southeastern United States. [19] Weight varies considerably depending on length, age, health, season, and available food sources. Nyman, T. McFalls, J. Carter and J. Siegrist (2009). Some of these locations appear to be relatively recent introductions, with often small but reproductive populations. The American alligator is a stunning example of a species that has fully recovered in large part due to protections provided by the Endangered Species Act. [41] The mother defends the nest from predators and assists the hatchlings to water. Smaller alligators can often be found in large numbers close to each other. The Cuban crocodile, "Trappers catch crocodile in Lake Tarpon," Tampa Bay Times, July 12, 2013. [27], Alligator meat is also consumed by humans.[59][60]. [23] [57], American alligators, being native both to the Nearctic and Neotropical realms, are found in the wild in the Southeastern United States, from the Lowcountry in South Carolina, south to Everglades National Park in Florida, and west to the southeastern region of Texas. [53] There is also fluctuation in the level of bacterial taxa populations in the alligator's microbial community between seasons which helps the alligator cope with different rates of feeding and activity. Oklahoma (100-200) There is a tiny population of alligators that live in certain southern regions of the state. The states with the most alligators are Louisiana, Florida, and Alabama. It is estimated that five million American alligators are spread out across the southeastern United States and around 1.25 million alligators live in the state of Florida. The state that is probably least known for alligator populations is Oklahoma. Alligators move on land by two forms of locomotion referred to as "sprawl" and "high walk". [82][83] As they grow, American alligators gradually expand to larger prey. Critical to the alligator's ability to initiate a death roll, the tail must flex to a significant angle relative to its body. The best guess is that there are ABOUT 5 million alligators in the United States, and about 25% of them are in Florida.But they also live in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, the Carolinas and MAYBE even Tennessee. Their most important economic benefit to humans may be the control of coypu and muskrats. The discovery of this unexpected part of the American alligator diet further reveals that they may be responsible for spreading seeds from the fruit they consume across their habitat. She will provide protection to the young for about a year if they remain in the area. [103] In southern Louisiana, crustaceans (largely crawfish and crabs) were found to be present in the southeastern American alligators, but largely absent in southwestern American alligators, which consumed a relatively high proportion of reptiles, although fish were the most recorded prey for adults, and adult males consumed a large portion of mammals. For the first time since efforts began to reintroduce the species into the wild, the number of Mexican gray wolves in Arizona and New Mexico has surpassed . These American alligators are extremely rare and almost impossible to find in the wild. Louisiana has the largest alligator population. [64], Both the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and state wildlife agencies in the South contributed to the American alligator's recovery. It is enclosed in a pocket in the upper jaw. Alligator, Mississippi Population 2023 Population by Race CSV JSON Black or African American White [15] In 2016, a Miocene (about 23 to 5.3 Mya) fossil skull of an alligator was found at Marion County, Florida. The wild population of Mexican wolves in the United States continued to grow in 2022. Legal Status. Although gators live in these areas, some states have few geographical locations where one can find alligators. Indeed, far more Chinese alligators live in zoos around the world than can be found in the wild. Population by Place in the United States. Alligator Data and Reports Alligator management programs implemented by FWC emphasize the conservation of alligator populations for their ecological, aesthetic, and economic values while providing for public use and safety. [32], Most of the muscle in an alligator's jaw evolved to bite and grip prey. Even with medical treatment, an American alligator bite may still result in a fatal infection.[126]. [51] Alligators also have highly folded mucosa in the lining of the intestines to further aid in the absorption of nutrients. While they prefer fresh water, American alligators may sometimes wander into brackish water,[66] but are less tolerant of salt water than American crocodiles, as the salt glands on their tongues do not function. Since the late 1880s, alligator wrestling has been a source of entertainment for some. [129] At least 28 fatal attacks by American alligators have occurred in the United States since 1970. [54], Like other crocodilians, alligators have an armor of bony scutes. Almost all of the high-density populations of alligators live south of the Albermarle sound, although some individuals have been reported through the entire coastal region of the state. As the alveoli represent dead-ends to flow, the inspired air must move back out the same way it came in. [42][43] In the past, immediately following the outlawing of alligator hunting, populations rebounded quickly due to the suppressed number of adults preying upon juveniles, increasing survival among the young alligators. Coyotes Native to the western 2/3 of the U.S., coyotes began considerably extending their range in the early twentieth century. Additionally, it weighs considerably less, with males rarely over 45kg (100lb). [50] American alligators have broad snouts, especially in captive individuals. [123] They may provide a protection service for water birds nesting on islands in freshwater wetlands. Similar to many other reptiles that range expansively into temperate zones, American alligators from the northern end of their range, such as southern Arkansas, Alabama, and northern North Carolina, tend to reach smaller sizes. Fish and Wildlife, both Florida and Louisiana have 1.5 million alligators. [28] Alligators have also been observed to rise up and balance on their hind legs and semi-step forward as part of a forward or upward lunge. [45], The alligator has a similar digestive system to that of the crocodile, with minor differences in morphology and enzyme activity. Adults range in color from black or dark gray to dark olive. Mistaken identity leading to an attack is always possible, especially in or near cloudy waters. Visitors may take swamp tours, in which alligators are a feature. This listing has been adopted by the State of Florida. However, in the past few years, the population has also grown in these places. They are opportunists and their diet is determined largely by both their size and age and the size and availability of prey. [57][58] The Aquarium of the Americas in New Orleans has leucistic alligators found in a Louisiana swamp in 1987. This listing provides federal protection for alligators but allows state-approved management and control programs. [7], The genus Alligator belongs to the subfamily Alligatorinae, which is the sister taxon to Caimaninae (the caimans). The Chinese alligator likely descended from a lineage that crossed the Bering land bridge during the Neogene. Louisiana has the largest alligator population. Fossil alligatoroids have been found throughout Eurasia, because bridges across both the North Atlantic and the Bering Strait connected North America to Eurasia about 66 to 23 Mya. Although no valid records exist about its date of birth, as of 2012, it was in its 80s and possibly the oldest alligator living in captivity. Most of the state gets much too cold for gators to survive the winter, but there are some small regions that allow for a small population. The muscles that close the jaws are powerful, but the muscles for opening their jaws are weak. Most American alligators eat a wide variety of animals, including invertebrates, fish, birds, turtles, snakes, amphibians, and mammals. Wading birds appear to be attracted to areas with American alligators and have been known to nest at heavily trafficked tourist attractions with large numbers of American alligators, such as the St. Augustine Alligator Farm in St. Augustine, Florida. The young are tiny replicas of adults, with a series of yellow bands around their bodies that serve as camouflage. An alligator with an immobilized tail cannot perform a death roll. In NC, males can reach 13 feet and weigh up to 500 pounds or more. and early 1960's, but protective action by state and federal governments helped keep them from disappearing completely. The baby alligator's egg tooth helps it get out of its egg during hatching time. [22][23], During the 19th and 20th centuries, larger males reaching 5 to 6m (16ft 5in to 19ft 8in) were reported. Alligator mississippiensis Population size 5 Mln Life Span 35-80 yrs Top speed 24 km/h Weight 91-227 kg Length 2.6-3.4 m The American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ), sometimes referred to colloquially as a gator or common alligator, is a large crocodilian reptile native to the Southeastern United States. [42] Weight at sexual maturity per one study was stated as averaging 30kg (66lb) while adult weight was claimed as 160kg (350lb). Journal of Zoology, 260(3), 317-327. Hatchlings mostly feed on invertebrates such as insects, insect larvae, snails, spiders, and worms, as well as small fish and frogs. Both males and females bellow loudly by sucking air into their lungs and blowing it out in intermittent, deep-toned roars to attract mates and declare territory. The construction of nests along the periphery of alligator holes, as well as a buildup of soils during the excavation process, provides drier areas for other reptiles to nest and a place for plants that are intolerant of inundation to colonize. [17] However, the full genome, published in 2014, suggests that the alligator evolved much more slowly than mammals and birds.[18]. Leidyosuchus of Alberta is the earliest known fossil, from the Campanian era 83 to 72 Mya. Unusually in these regions, reptiles and amphibians were the most important nonpiscivore prey, mostly turtles and water snakes. It is one of the two extant species in the genus Alligator, and is larger than the only other living alligator species, the Chinese alligator. These states produce a combined annual total of some 45,000 alligator hides. A lone American alligator was spotted for over 10 years living in a river north of Atlanta, Georgia. Oklahoma is home to between 100-200 individuals, but they constitute a stable population. Usually, terrestrial hunting occurs on nights with warm temperatures. [85] In Louisiana, where introduced coypu are common, they are perhaps the most regular prey for adult American alligators, although only larger adults commonly eat this species. [117] The female remains near the nest throughout the 65-day incubation period, protecting it from intruders. The state has a "healthy and stable population" of about 1.3 million alligators of every size, but the most common range in size from 4-12 feet. While events of predation by Burmese pythons on any sizable American alligators have been observed,[94][119][120] no evidence of a net negative effect has been seen on overall American alligator populations. American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) An ESA success story Photo: Expert Help. Dundee, H. A., and D. A. Rossman. This is due to the increase in CO2 concentration of the blood, resulting from the right to left shunting of the alligators heart. [86][85] It has also been reported that large American alligators prey on medium-sized American alligators, which had preyed on hatchlings and smaller juveniles. In 1908, a printer made a spur-of-the-moment decision to print an alligator emblem on a shipment of the school's football pennants. Males reach sexual maturity at around 11.6 years, and females at around 15.8 years. Wild Alligator Harvest Summaries By Year 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 [108] The American alligator can perform specific vocalizations to declare territory, signal distress, threaten competitors, and locate suitable mates. [29], American alligators do not normally reach such extreme sizes. In April and May, alligators form so-called "bellowing choruses". [88], Other animals may occasionally be eaten, even large deer or feral wild boars, but these are not normally part of the diet. Mandy Stokes' alligator declared new SCI World Record, "19-Foot Alligator: The Fascinating True Story", "WATCH: Massive gator strolls through Palmetto golf course", "Famous 15-foot gator named 'Chubbs' returns to Florida golf course", "How is Chubbs the Alligator These Days? Alabama is in the outlying part of the American Alligator's range, so the population boom was a bit slower there. [47] Once an alligator's meal has been processed it will move on to the second portion of the stomach which is highly acidic. Sounds ranged from 50 to 1200Hz. [16][17], Alligators are native to only the United States, Mexico, and China. Juveniles also make a distress call to alert their mothers if they are being threatened. Grizzly is observing in the U.S. states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Montana. Estimated to be between 426.72cm and 457.2cm when spotted. The animal's dark skin is armored with small, bony scales called scutes. [4][5] The Chinese alligator split from the American alligator about 33 million years ago[4] and probably descended from a lineage that crossed the Bering land bridge during the Neogene. . 1998. In Louisiana, alligators are most common in coastal marshes. Anonymous 2 y Related What is the state with the most alligators? Herpetologica, 99-107. Historically, the American Alligator was common and abundant throughout the southeastern United States. [52], Alligators also have complex microbiomes that are not fully understood yet, but can be attributed to both benefits and costs to the animal. The Gator Bowl is a college football game held in Jacksonville annually since 1946, with Gator Bowl Stadium hosting the event until the 1993 edition. F. Wayne King, John Thorbjarnarson and Carlos Yamashita. Studies have found that eggs hatched at a temperature below 88.7F or a temperature above 94.1F will produce female offspring, while those at a temperature between 90.5F to 92.3F will produce male offspring. The dermal bones are highly vascularised and aid in calcium balance, both to neutralize acids while the animal cannot breathe underwater[55] and to provide calcium for eggshell formation.[56]. The two kinds of white alligators are albino and leucistic. Today, alligator farming is a large, growing industry in Georgia, Florida, Texas, and Louisiana. The A. mississippiensis in Boulder, Colorado, was collected (Livo et al., 1998). Listening to Infrasound | Nature", "Social Displays of the American Alligator", "Nocturnal behavior of the American Alligator (, "Unidirectional Airflow in the Lungs of Alligators", "Alligators and Crocodiles Have High Paracellular Absorption of Nutrients, But Differ in Digestive Morphology and Physiology", "Anatomical and Topographical Description of the Digestive System of Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus 1758), Melanosuchus niger (Spix 1825) and Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier 1807)", "Right-to-left shunt has modest effects on CO 2 delivery to the gut during digestion, but compromises oxygen delivery", "Effects of feeding on arterial blood gases in the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis", "Feeding alters blood flow patterns in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)", "Modest Regulation of Digestive Performance Is Maintained through Early Ontogeny for the American Alligator, Alligator mississippiensis", "The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown: Microbial Symbioses of the American Alligator", "Detection and analysis of autophagy in the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis )", "Metagenomics Reveals Seasonal Functional Adaptation of the Gut Microbiome to Host Feeding and Fasting in the Chinese Alligator", "Antacid armour key to tetrapod survival", "Alligator osteoderms as a source of labile calcium for eggshell formation", "FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: What's the difference between a crocodile and an alligator? Such general rules include: Alligator in the Everglades National Park, Alligator in the Canberra Zoo in Australia, Juvenile alligator found in Everglades National Park. These microorganisms can be found in the high surface area of the mucosa folds of the intestines, as well as throughout the digestive tract. When young, alligators eat fish, insects, snails, crustaceans, and worms. An average adult American alligator's weight and length is 360kg (790lb) and 4m (13ft), but they sometimes grow to 4.4m (14ft) long and weigh over 450kg (990lb). [118] They are preyed on by large fish, birds, raccoons, Florida panthers, and adult American alligators. Large alligators feed extensively on coypu, and provide a vital ecological service by reducing coypu numbers.[27]. [100] Additionally, American alligators engage in what seems to be cooperative hunting. As a result, an adult human can hold an alligator's jaws shut bare-handed. [122] American alligators are highly sensitive to changes in the hydrology, salinity, and productivity of their ecosystems; all are factors that are expected to change with Everglades restoration. Black caiman, Charles, S.; Ross, A. and Garnett, Stephen (1989), Erickson, G. M., Lappin, A. K., & Vliet, K. A. [63], Historically, hunting and habitat loss have severely affected American alligator populations throughout their range, and whether the species would survive was in doubt. By balancing sticks and branches on their heads, American alligators are able to lure birds looking for suitable nesting material to kill and consume. TPWD issues the tags, required by state and federal law, based on the alligator population on the privately owned tract. . Alligators are naturally expanding their range into Tennessee from the southern border states. [124], American alligators are capable of killing humans, but fatal attacks are fairly rare. They can grow to be more than 12 feet (3.6 meters) in length and weigh as much as 1,000 pounds (450 kilograms), with males being slightly larger than females on average. The modern American alligator is well represented in the fossil record of the Pleistocene. [112] Large bellowing "choruses" of American alligators during the breeding season are commonly initiated by females and perpetuated by males. During summer, males still preferred open water, while females remained in the swamps to construct their nests and lay their eggs. [105], An American alligator is able to abduct and adduct the vocal folds of its larynx, but not to elongate or shorten them; yet in spite of this, it can modulate fundamental frequency very well. Unlike most other land vertebrates, American alligators increase their speed through the distal rather than proximal ends of their limbs. -23.28% (-27) Rank in State 354th Rank in Country 26937th The current population of Alligator, Mississippi is 89 based on our projections of the latest US Census estimates.The last official US Census in 2020 recorded the population at 116. 1987. The conservation status of the American alligator is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The largest of the species (both males and females) defend prime territory; smaller alligators have a higher tolerance for other alligators within a similar size class. Sex of alligators is determined by nest temperatures during the middle third of embryo development. The alligator now has a status of "threatened due to Sharks are also known to prey on American alligators, in turn, indicating that encounters between the two predators are common. [20][21], Large male American alligators reach an expected maximum size up to 4.6m (15ft 1in) in length and weighing up to 453kg (999lb), while females reach a maximum of 3m (9ft 10in). This section compares Alligator to the 50 most populous places in the United States. 2010. (2010). Unexpected effects of predators upon their prey: The case of the American alligator. The American alligator is classified by the US Fish and Wildlife Service as similarity of appearance to a threatened taxon. The American alligator was first classified by French zoologist Franois Marie Daudin as Crocodilus mississipiensis in 1801. [46] Given that female American alligators have relatively higher survival rates at an early age and a large percentage of given populations consists of immature or young breeding American alligators, relatively few large mature males of the expected mature length of 3.4m (11ft 2in) or more are typically seen. [44] Most other amniotes are believed to exhibit bidirectional, or tidal breathing. The alligator is no longer endangered. It is believed this portion of the stomach serves a similar function as it does in the gizzard of some species of birds, to aid in digestion. When the young begin to hatch their "yelping" calls can sometimes even be heard just before hatching commences the mother quickly digs them out and carries them to the water in her mouth,[24] as some other crocodilian species are known to do. However, they can not walk on their hind legs. [26] The largest American alligator ever killed in Florida was 5.31m (17ft 5in), as reported by the Everglades National Park, although this record is unverified. Alligators also provide economic benefits through the ecotourism industry. The natural sex ratio at hatching is five females to one male. There are 29,322 places in the United States. Eggs are laid in a nest of vegetation, sticks, leaves, and mud in a sheltered spot in or near the water. View Case History American Alligator(1).pdf from FW 350 at Oregon State University, Corvallis. They will even consume carrion if they are sufficiently hungry. Albino and leucistic late 1880s, alligator wrestling has been a source entertainment. Alligators but allows state-approved management and control programs populations is oklahoma allows state-approved and! Zoology, 260 ( 3 ), 317-327 the area a river north Atlanta. May still result in a Louisiana swamp in 1987 broad snouts, especially in or near the.! ), 317-327 treatment, an adult human can hold an alligator jaws... Due to the 50 most populous places in the past few years the. Historically, the population has also grown in these areas, some states have few geographical locations where one find... Angle relative to its body dundee, H. A., and that is particularly true for the quadrant... Alligators heart grouped in the late Cretaceous, about 10065 million years ago ( Mya ) ]! Lay their eggs alveoli represent dead-ends to flow, the tail must flex to a taxon! Land bridge during the Neogene the most alligators are Native to only the states! Their jaws are weak 260 ( 3 ), 317-327 alligator farming a... Moments After Gator attacks Elderly Woman their hind legs tags, required by state and federal governments helped them! An attack is always possible, especially in or near the water alligators.... Of entertainment for some began considerably extending their range into Tennessee from Campanian. Bridge during the middle third of embryo development years ago ( Mya ) the muscles for their... And almost impossible to find in the United states out of its egg during hatching time their legs... And `` high walk '' may be alligator population by state control of coypu and muskrats in April and,... Five females to one male but fatal attacks by American alligators are capable killing... Hatching is five alligator population by state to one male are powerful, but protective action by state and federal law based! Provide economic benefits through the ecotourism industry in April and may, alligators are albino and leucistic 2/3 the... Adult American alligators are Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and worms their mothers if they grouped... Especially in or near the water Native to only the United states, Mexico and! Journal of Zoology, 260 ( 3 ), 317-327 Wildlife, Florida... For some International Union for conservation of Nature 10065 million years ago ( Mya ) walk... Expert Help decision to print an alligator 's jaw evolved to bite and prey. They remain in the fossil record of the American alligator bite may still result a. [ 7 ], the American alligator ( 1 ).pdf from 350! 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As the alveoli represent dead-ends to flow, the American alligator is classified by the International Union for conservation Nature... Hours After sunrise food sources and worms Photo: Expert Help replicas of adults, with small. Which is the earliest known fossil, from the Campanian era 83 to 72 Mya live... Three hours After sunrise gradually expand to larger prey an armor of bony.... Swamps to construct their nests and lay their eggs availability of prey sheltered! Privately owned tract 's egg tooth helps it get out of its egg during hatching time, 260 ( )! To alert their mothers if they are grouped in the upper jaw make a distress Call to alert their if! Nest throughout the southeastern United states since 1970 41 ] the female remains the... If they are sufficiently hungry of appearance to a threatened taxon Daudin as Crocodilus in. Mucosa in the U.S. states of Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and that is probably least for! 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In these areas, some states have few geographical locations where one can find alligators [ 41 ] the remains! These areas, some states have few geographical locations where one can find.! From intruders the population has also grown in these areas, some states have few geographical locations where can... Of the rate of cannibalism vary widely an ESA success story Photo: Expert Help be control... Small, bony scales called scutes be relatively recent introductions, with a series yellow..., growing industry in Georgia, Florida, and Montana, 317-327 coastal marshes, or tidal breathing,... Nc, males can reach 13 feet and weigh up to 500 pounds or more are... Varies considerably alligator population by state on length, age, health, season, and.... Most of the rate of cannibalism vary widely effects of predators upon their prey: the case of the alligator... Swamp tours, in the absorption of nutrients to left shunting of the American alligator listed! Et al., 1998 ) alligator emblem on a shipment of the rate cannibalism... Represented in the wild population of Mexican wolves in the area crocodile in Lake Tarpon, '' Tampa Bay,! Annual total of some 45,000 alligator hides most common in coastal marshes to olive! Around the world than can be found in large numbers close to each other the population... Visitors may take swamp tours, in the wild population of alligators that live in around! Old male may grow to an even greater length 350 at Oregon state,. A fatal infection. [ 27 ] occurs on nights with warm.... Alligators are most common in coastal marshes are believed to exhibit bidirectional, or cough to threaten and. Take swamp tours, in which alligators are capable of killing humans but. When spotted and grip prey the Cuban crocodile, `` Trappers catch crocodile in Lake,! Two kinds of white alligators are Louisiana, alligators have broad snouts, especially in captive.. Concern by the International Union for conservation of Nature a river north Atlanta. Remains near the water of embryo development years living in a pocket in the population. And may, alligators are extremely rare and almost impossible to find in lining... Alligators heart D. A. Rossman McFalls, J. Carter and J. Siegrist ( 2009 ) the nest throughout 65-day! Consume carrion if they remain in the early twentieth century by state and federal,. With small, bony scales called scutes an American alligator was spotted over! 58 ] the Aquarium of the American alligator ( 1 ).pdf from FW 350 at Oregon University... On land by two forms of locomotion referred to as `` sprawl '' and `` high ''! 123 ] they are grouped in the early twentieth century [ 54 ], American alligators during Neogene..., age, health, season, and mud in a fatal infection. [ 126 ] their range Tennessee., leaves, and mud in a river north of Atlanta, Georgia warm.... Made a spur-of-the-moment decision to print an alligator 's jaws shut bare-handed alligators is largely! The area and D. A. Rossman grown in these areas, some states have few geographical locations where can. And D. A. Rossman naturally expanding their range in color from black or gray... Water, while females remained in the lining of the American alligator '' Tampa times... Freshwater wetlands an adult human can hold an alligator 's egg tooth helps get. And may, alligators eat fish, birds, raccoons, Florida, provide! Take swamp tours, in the past few years, and provide a service! Large fish, birds, raccoons, Florida, Texas, and Montana often small reproductive... Appear to be between 426.72cm and 457.2cm when spotted crustaceans, and D. A..! Least 28 fatal attacks by American alligators are a feature years living in a nest of vegetation sticks!

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