[177], Chicago is the headquarters of several religious denominations, including the Evangelical Covenant Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Sign up to receive updates. Grant Park holds Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain (1927), and the Art Institute of Chicago. [3] The White population continues to remain the largest racial category and includes the 10.9% of Hispanics who identify as White with the remaining Hispanics identifying as Other Race (43.5%), Multiracial (40.1%), Black (1.5%), American Indian and Alaskan Native (3.7%), Asian (0.3%), and Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.1%). [129], Chicago is famous for its outdoor public art with donors establishing funding for such art as far back as Benjamin Ferguson's 1905 trust. Illinois. "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology". It grew rapidly in the mid-19th century;[8] by 1860, Chicago was the youngest U.S. city to exceed a population of 100,000. These laws became templates for public health reform in other cities and states. [21][22] Chicago's culture includes the visual arts, literature, film, theater, comedy (especially improvisational comedy), food, dance (including modern dance and jazz troupes and the Joffrey Ballet), and music (particularly jazz, blues, soul, hip-hop, gospel,[23] and electronic dance music, including house music). [115], In 2016, Chicago was ranked the sixth-most walkable large city in the United States. [citation needed] Since the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, four large companies left the Chicago area, Boeing left to focus on its defense contracts, Caterpillar, and Tyson Foods left to consolidate operations, and Citadel LLC cited crime-related factors. [223], Chicago has a distinctive fine art tradition. In the summer, many outdoor concerts are given in Grant Park and Millennium Park. [citation needed], The Chicago Public Library system operates 3 regional libraries and 77 neighbourhood branches, including the central library. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. [9] The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by 1900, less than 30 years after the fire, Chicago was the fifth-largest city in the world. [14] O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked among the world's top six busiest airports according to tracked data by the Airports Council International. Dew point temperatures in the summer range from an average of 55.7F (13.2C) in June to 61.7F (16.5C) in July. [288] Violent crime rates vary significantly by area of the city, with more economically developed areas having low rates, but other sections have much higher rates of crime. [265] Lincoln Park, the largest of the city's parks, covers 1,200 acres (490ha) and has over 20million visitors each year, making it third in the number of visitors after Central Park in New York City, and the National Mall and Memorial Parks in Washington, D.C.[266], There is a historic boulevard system,[267] a network of wide, tree-lined boulevards which connect a number of Chicago parks. Late in the 19th century, Chicago was part of the bicycle craze, with the Western Wheel Company, which introduced stamping to the production process and significantly reduced costs,[207] while early in the 20th century, the city was part of the automobile revolution, hosting the Brass Era car builder Bugmobile, which was founded there in 1907. These schools offer a rigorous curriculum with mainly honors and Advanced Placement (AP) courses. The city is the birthplace of house music (a popular form of electronic dance music) and industrial music, and is the site of an influential hip hop scene. The entertainment and cultural magazine Time Out Chicago and GRAB magazine are also published in the city, as well as local music magazine Chicago Innerview. [210], Chicago's minimum wage for non-tipped employees is one of the highest in the nation and reached $15 in 2021. The Puerto Rican-influenced jibarito is a sandwich made with flattened, fried green plantains instead of bread. These relationships have sought to promote economic, cultural, educational, and other ties. In February 1856, Chicago's Common Council approved Chesbrough's plan to build the United States' first comprehensive sewerage system. Kortmann, Bernd, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie, Edgar W. Schneider and Clive Upton (eds). The city served as the venue for the medical dramas ER and Chicago Hope, as well as the fantasy drama series Early Edition and the 20052009 drama Prison Break. [312] The district, with an enrollment exceeding 400,545 students (20132014 20th Day Enrollment), is the third-largest in the U.S.[313] On September 10, 2012, teachers for the Chicago Teachers Union went on strike for the first time since 1987 over pay, resources and other issues. There are 31 sand beaches, a plethora of museums, two world-class conservatories, and 50 nature areas. Chicago is the center of the Palestinian and Jordanian immigrant communities in the United States,[28][29] and additionally has a large Assyrian population. The grid's regularity provided an efficient means of developing new real estate property. [6] The large Hispanic population is rather recent, with the segregation between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites being low when compared to Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites. Ten years later, he became the secretary and then the president of the first Illinois State Board of Health, which carried out most of its activities in Chicago.[64]. Chicago's demographics show that it is a large, and ethnically and culturally diverse metropolis. The organization, formed in 1924, was called the Society for Human Rights. At the turn of the 20th century, Chicago was the third-largest Czech city in the world, after Prague and Vienna. views about human evolution by metro area, Learn More: views about human evolution, Evolved; due to natural processes, Evolved; due to God's design, Always existed in present form, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA They largely clustered in Jefferson Park on the city's Northwest Side, coming to the area mostly between the years 19071920. Former CW affiliate WGN-TV 9, which was owned from its inception by Tribune Broadcasting (now owned by the Nexstar Media Group since 2019), is carried with some programming differences, as "WGN America" on cable and satellite TV nationwide and in parts of the Caribbean. The city claims three Dow30 companies: aerospace giant Boeing, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to the Chicago Loop in 2001,[196] McDonald's and Walgreens Boots Alliance. [303], Chicago began experiencing a massive surge in carjackings after 2019, and at least 1,415 such crimes took place in the city in 2020. ", "Ken Griffin and J.B. Pritzker's secret meeting: The origin of a political feud", "Chicago's snack bar wars: May the cleanest label win", "Chicago City Council raises minimum wage to $15 by 2021, but restaurant servers still will get lower tipped wage", "Opaa! [284] In its annual crime statistics for 2016, the Chicago Police Department reported that the city experienced a dramatic rise in gun violence, with 4,331 shooting victims. How Chicago Gobbled Its Neighbors", "Chicago Architecture Foundation River Cruise Aboard Chicago's First Lady Cruises", "The Public Art Scene You're Missing in Chicago", "Columnist Irv Kupcinet remembered with statue dedication", "Climate of Chicago Illinois State Climatologist", "Chicago, Illinois Kppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", Extreme cold in Midwest will finally begin to ease grasp, At 23 below, Wednesday marked Chicago's 4th coldest temperature recorded, University of Iowa student dies during polar vortex; 7 other deaths linked to wintry blast, "Top 20 Weather Events of the Century for Chicago and Northeast Illinois 19001999", "A Study of Chicago's Significant Tornadoes", "Ask Tom: Does Chicago Get Lake-Effect Snow? The label first found success with Ministry, with the release of the cold life single, which entered the US Dance charts in 1982. The first Bosnians settled in Chicago in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, joining other immigrants seeking better opportunities and better lives. 35.2%. Religion Census is your source for religious data at the county level. In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. and Albert Raby led the Chicago Freedom Movement, which culminated in agreements between Mayor Richard J. Daley and the movement leaders. The Roma first came to Chicago during the large waves of Southern and Eastern European immigration to the United States in the 1880s until World War I. [230], In 2013, Chicago was chosen as one of the "Top Ten Cities in the United States" to visit for its restaurants, skyscrapers, museums, and waterfront, by the readers of Cond Nast Traveler,[231][232] and in 2020 for the fourth year in a row, Chicago was named the top U.S. city tourism destination. [88] In 1979, Jane Byrne, the city's first female mayor, was elected. The Illinois Constitution prohibits governments from doing anything that could cause retirement benefits for government workers to be "diminished or impaired." Rauch established a plan for Chicago's park system in 1866. [340] Each company was allowed to bring 250 electric scooters, although both Bird and Lime claimed that they experienced a higher demand for their scooters. Pritzker. [38][39][40][41], A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad. The challenge for early writers was that Chicago was a frontier outpost that transformed into a global metropolis in the span of two generations. [229], The Willis Tower (formerly named Sears Tower) is a popular destination for tourists. With a population of 2,746,388 in the 2020 census,[7] it is also the most populous city in the Midwest. Industrial districts, such as some areas on the South Side, the areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and the Northwest Indiana area are clustered. [215], Downtown is the center of Chicago's financial, cultural, governmental and commercial institutions and the site of Grant Park and many of the city's skyscrapers. The U.S. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender, ReligionsGeographyTopics & QuestionsUser Guide, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say they, Compare: [187] In 2007, Chicago was named the fourth-most important business center in the world in the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index. More than half the population of the state of Illinois lives in the Chicago metropolitan area. [301] According to the FBI, St. Louis, New Orleans, Detroit, and Baltimore had the highest murder rate along with several other cities. The South Side contains most of the facilities of the Port of Chicago. The chief advocate for improving public health in Chicago was Dr. John H. Rauch, M.D. The Bears have won more games in the history of the NFL than any other team,[257] and only the Green Bay Packers, their longtime rivals, have won more championships. [217], The South Side neighborhood of Hyde Park is the home of former US President Barack Obama. [111], In the late-1920s, sociologists at the University of Chicago subdivided the city into 77 distinct community areas, which can further be subdivided into over 200 informally defined neighborhoods. In 1933 and 1934, the city celebrated its centennial by hosting the Century of Progress International Exposition World's Fair. [244] Annual festivals feature various Chicago signature dishes, such as Taste of Chicago and the Chicago Food Truck Festival. In 1994, the United States hosted a successful FIFA World Cup with games played at Soldier Field. The top tourist destination in Chicago and the Midwest in 2017, Millennium Park offers 25 acres of exuberant architecture, serene gardens, grand pavilions, and dazzling fountains that sculpt light and water, walking paths. While measurements vary somewhat,[102] the lowest points are along the lake shore at 578ft (176.2m), while the highest point, at 672ft (205m), is the morainal ridge of Blue Island in the city's far south side.[103]. attendance at prayer groups by metro area, Learn More: frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups, At least once a week, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who meditate, Compare: [25], The city has had several nicknames throughout its history, such as the Windy City, Chi-Town, Second City, and City of the Big Shoulders. Chicago city, Illinois. [1] Within fifty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population had tripled to over 3 million. [309] Northside College Preparatory High School is ranked second, Jones College Prep is third, and the oldest magnet school in the city, Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, which was opened in 1975, is ranked fourth. 1935: Chicago native, Jay Berwanger was the first recipient of the Heisman Trophy. Protestant bodies account for most congregations and adherents. The two parks themselves are connected by a wide strip of parkland called the Midway Plaisance, running adjacent to the University of Chicago. Chicago's Western Avenue is the longest continuous urban street in the world. [24] The city is the seat of the Evangelical Covenant Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Germans have constituted a major portion of ethnic whites in Chicago since the beginning of the city's history. City laws and later, state laws that upgraded standards for the medical profession and fought urban epidemics of cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever were both passed and enforced. Below the poverty line were 19.6% of the population and 16.6% of the families. The city responded by tunneling two miles (3.2km) out into Lake Michigan to newly built water cribs. Lincoln Park, on Chicagos North Side, attracts 20 million visitors annually. The per capita income for the city was $20,175. From the 1950s through 1970s, American poetry continued to evolve in Chicago. The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, Dion O'Banion, Bugs Moran and Tony Accardo battle law enforcement and each other on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era. [256] They have won three World Series titles, including the 2016 World Series, but had the dubious honor of having the two longest droughts in American professional sports: They had not won their sport's title since 1908, and had not participated in a World Series since 1945, both records, until they beat the Cleveland Indians in the 2016 World Series. Only about half of the residents in the Seattle (52%) and San Francisco (48%) metropolitan areas identify as Christians, as well as roughly six-in-ten or fewer of those living in Boston (57%) and New York (59%). After playing its first eight seasons at Soldier Field, the team moved to suburban Bridgeview to play at SeatGeek Stadium. Of the city population, 26.2% were under the age of 18, 11.2% were from 18 to 24, 33.4% were from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% 65 years of age or older. 94.3%. views about government aid to the poor by metro area, Learn More: views about government aid to the poor, Does more harm than good, Does more good than harm, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say abortion should be, Compare: [319], William Rainey Harper, the first president of the University of Chicago, was instrumental in the creation of the junior college concept, establishing nearby Joliet Junior College as the first in the nation in 1901. The Irish are still very active in the city's politics. [278] For much of the 20th century, Chicago has been among the largest and most reliable Democratic strongholds in the United States; with Chicago's Democratic vote the state of Illinois has been "solid blue" in presidential elections since 1992. The city is the site of an influential hip-hop scene, and it has launched new music and dance styles such as Chicago juke and footwork. Cubans first migrated to Chicago during the 1950s. Many additional diagonal streets were recommended in the Plan of Chicago, but only the extension of Ogden Avenue was ever constructed. Chicago nicknames or aliases (official or unofficial): Chi-Town, City in a Garden, The City of the Big Shoulders, The City . [158][159] To these ethnic groups, the basis of the city's industrial working class, were added an additional influx of African Americans from the American Southwith Chicago's black population doubling between 1910 and 1920 and doubling again between 1920 and 1930. [citation needed], The Chicago Marathon has been held each year since 1977 except for 1987, when a half marathon was run in its place. [citation needed] There are also the private Chicago Academy for the Arts, a high school focused on six different categories of the arts and the public Chicago High School for the Arts, a high school focused on five categories (visual arts, theatre, musical theatre, dance, and music) of the arts. [citation needed], In 2005, indie rock artist Sufjan Stevens created a concept album about Illinois titled Illinois; many of its songs were about Chicago and its history. WGN America eventually became NewsNation in 2021. In northern Illinois, ComEd (a division of Exelon) operates the greatest number of nuclear generating plants in any US state. Among these are Chagall's Four Seasons; the Chicago Picasso; Miro's Chicago; Calder's Flamingo; Oldenburg's Batcolumn; Moore's Large Interior Form, 1953-54, Man Enters the Cosmos and Nuclear Energy; Dubuffet's Monument with Standing Beast, Abakanowicz's Agora; and, Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate which has become an icon of the city. [361] In some cases, these exchanges have led to further informal collaborations, such as the academic relationship between the Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and the Institute of Gerontology of Ukraine (originally of the Soviet Union), that was originally established as part of the Chicago-Kyiv sister cities program.[363].

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