Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They controlled navigation on the wide Yangtze River so it was their defensive boundary. . The other three cites with 10 million-plus populations are Suzhou, Linyi and Baoding, according to a CBN Daily report in 2017. Omissions? Nationalities most represented in Shanghai: Japan> USA > South Korea > France > Germany > Singapore . If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. In the late 1950s a major tractor plant was built in Hangzhou, and a machine-tool industry subsequently developed. During the Song Dynasty era, the religions of Daoism and Buddhism became less popular among the ruling class than in previous eras. 100% payment refund prior to 3 weeks before departure (. In 1206, Temjin, an orphan and a former slave, united the many feuding clans which occupied the steppes to the north of China and took the title "Genghis Khan." Once this feat was accomplished he turned to military conquests abroad. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Higher class and richer people began binding the feet of girls. These academies successfully nurtured world-leading scientists and officials who excelled in literature, arts, and sciences. 1972 - February: Richard Nixon visits city. Many of the temples that you can visit today were built during this period. Cities starting with letter H 8 letters in the name. even physicians and fortune tellers The trade allowed the Southern Song Empire to continue to be prosperous although they had lost a lot of land north of the Yangtze. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. document.write(oTime.getFullYear()); Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify? 1235 1235 . -1, Xi Story: Preserving the beauty of West Lake, Hangzhou summit sees nation moving to common prosperity, Viewing the city at one meter: Hangzhou steps up child-friendly city construction, Hangzhou Asian Games keeps sportsmanship alive, Official English Website of Zhejiang Province. Hangzhou is one of 137 cities in China and ranks 13 in the China population. Favorable rules for peasants and farmers: The Song had a law that any farmer who planted on fallow land and paid taxes could own the land, and this encouraged peasants to become landowners. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The Mongol army that was sent to invade them was far bigger than the ones sent to attack the Middle East, Russia, Europe or any other region, but the Mongols had quickly conquered all the other countries and empires. Hangzhou is an economic centre of and export base for east-central China. share interesting stories, insider information, and even create unexpected The Song had more land under cultivation than in the geographically much larger and more populous later Ming (13681644) and Qing (16441912) empires. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. He said that the method wasn't useful for printing just a few sheets of text, but for a hundreds of sheets, the method was fast and economical. Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). The Song rulers retained their domains south of the Huai River and Yangtze along with most of the population. of China with those looking for a more authentic travel experience. A Shanghai-Ningbo expressway via Hangzhou was completed in the 1990s, and a Nanjing-Hangzhou expressway opened in the early 21st century. The Liao Empire (9071125) was an aggressive enemy in the northeast. As of the end of 2021, Hangzhou's permanent resident population was 12.204 million, up from 11.936 million at the end of 2020. The permanent population of Hangzhou has reached 12.204 million with a birth rate of 7.6, a death rate of 4.7, an urbanization rate of 83.6%, and an average age of 38. As this page has over 5,000 words, you may want to click a link here to move to a section that interests you. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Hangzhou, Hangzhou China - Official site of Hangzhou, Hangzhou - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Classical opera became very popular among the upper classes and the general population as well, even though the actors spoke ancient classical Chinese and not the vernacular languages of the people. The Song ships were chained together, and this made them easy targets. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. 1277 - Hangzhou Salt Distribution Commission established. A centre of commerce, it was visited in the late 13th century by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo, who called it Kinsai, or Quinsay; it then had an estimated population of 1 million to 1.5 million. Mass circulating books and periodicals became common for the first time in any country, and average people and even farmers enjoyed reading fictional novels. Activities, First Emperor of Song Dynasty: Zhao Kuangyin, Southern Song Achievements:Maritime Trade and Warfare, Population and Urbanization of Great Song, The rise of the Song Dynasty (906 960 AD), Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (906960), Dougong and other wooden architecture techniques, China Travel Restrictions & Travel Advisory, 10 Facts on Cixi The Empress Who Ushered in Modern China, The Three Kingdoms Period (AD 220280) Heroes Emerged in Troubled Times, Wu Emperor of the Han Dynasty (156- 87 BC), The Sui Dynasty - a Short but Significant Dynasty. In 1234, the Song army tried to reclaim the cities of Kaifeng and Beijing, but then the Mongols under Kublai Khan attacked them. Chengdu and Hangzhou saw the Biggest Increases in Permanent Populations Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. The Song liked to apply a dainty line of the roofs of their wooden buildings so that the eaves upcurved upwards at the corners in a distinctive way. AuthorHUANG Yuxuan (Reporter) EditorWang Jian, Hangzhou Has a Permanent Population of 12.204 Million with an Average Age of 38. Song scientists advanced the state of world knowledge about the geography of the empire and of the world, astronomy, magnetism and the compass, mechanical engineering, architecture, chemistry, and other subjects. Song scientists and inventors excelled in invention and scientific innovation. In Europe, the introduction of movable type printing caused a huge literary, social, religious and political revolution and great cultural change because movable type printing for Europeans was much more economical than block printing. Hangzhou is a city in China and had a population of 5,162,039 (including Xiaoshan and Yuhang) at the 2010 census, an increase of 4.8% per year since the 2000 census. The Song Empire enjoyed unprecedented economic growth. The saying "my enemy's enemy is my friend" is often wrong. In doing so, the Jin had also been shielding the Song from Mongol invasion. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. The Jurchens made Kaifeng their capital and founded the Jin Empire (11151234). Please check your download folder. Tags: WHS 9.1.B Question 2 30 seconds Q. According to a Hangzhou Municipal Statistics Bureau report, the city's population has grown rapidly over . The arts and theater grew increasingly learned and refined. What was the importance of the Indian Ocean during the 1200-1500's? In his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, Shen Kuo described that a Song printer made thin ceramic characters himself. Backed by the new drivers of the information economy, Hangzhou enjoys an edge in the digital economy industries, including e-commerce, cloud computing and big data, information security, artificial intelligence and blockchain, which will potentially further increase the city's influence and attract more talent. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Hangzhou, China metro area from 1950 to 2023. Have unparalleled flexibility, which is impossible on a group tour. On the Population HUB website you can find out the number of people in any of the regions of the Earth. Hangzhou's economy achieved 8% growth in 2017, with its GDP totalling RMB1,256 bn. Fast site work and constantly updated data. Movable type printing was one of the most important technologies of world history. A disadvantage of this political philosophy was that innovative reform and political criticism could be restricted easily by imperial rulers. Under the Ming (13681644) and Qing (16441911/12) dynasties, it was a superior prefecture, in addition to being the provincial capital of Zhejiang. 1621 - Huanduzhai publishing house in business. The document excerpted below,by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou a city of between seven and eightsquare miles in 1235.Document Excerpts with QuestionsFrom Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, edited by Patricia . He ensured that his educated courtiers and officials had more power in his government than did the military generals or rich lords. They captured the emperor and much of the ruling clan in 1129. Among the 338,000 new residents, the net inflow population accounted for more than 300,000, suggesting that Hangzhou is becoming a magnet for talent. Because the geographical area was relatively small, the population density of the Southern Song Empire was the highest in the world for a comparably sized empire up to that time. After fighting the Mongols for about 20 years, after the Mongols conquered Hangzhou in 1279, the remaining Song court and their supporters took to a fleet of ships to escape the Mongols. Corrections? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. If you use our datasets on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. answer choices facilitated trade provided a nice breeze China Tours Thus, the city, with its beautiful scenery and sites of historical interest, is among Chinas most popular tourist destinations. Shen Kuo (10311095) was one of the most important Song scientists. Increasing foreign investment and a cluster of some of China's most successful private enterprises, like New York Stock Exchange-listed Alibaba, have made Hangzhou, once again, one of the most prosperous cities in China. var oTime = new Date(); They defeated Jin attacks partly because they had a better navy. It was also the focus of the earliest network of modern motor roads, constructed in the 1930s. "China: Population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in Millions). [56] The most recent estimates of the city's urban area population are between 6,658,000 and 6,820,000. Use Ask Statista Research Service. Please check your download folder. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, famous for the building of an incredible mausoleum to himself known today as the Terracotta Warriors Museum, gets all the way to Hangzhou and declares the region a part of his empire. He thought Hangzhou was the grandest and most beautiful city in the world. From the 14th century its trade gradually shifted to Ningbo to the southeast on the southern shore of the bay and, in the 19th century, to the new city of Shanghai, some 100 miles (160 km) to the northeast at the mouth of the Yangtze. That Hangzhou had a large population b. The Grand Canal, originating in Beijing, is extended to Hangzhou, thus linking the city to the most profitable trading route in China. The city population of Hangzhou is 1212800 The urban area population of Hangzhou is Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. Chengdu - 21.19 million (up by 245,000) 2. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. the use of cookies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The city's population reached 9.47m, up by 3.05% YoY, and with an urban population of 7.27m. Updates? Chart. China has 13 cities each of whose permanent-resident population exceeds 10 million. The Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty or the Mongol invasion of China beginning under gedei Khan (r. 1229 - 1241) and completed under Kublai Khan (r. 1260-1294) was the final step for the Mongols to rule the whole of continental East Asia under the Yuan dynasty (a division of the Mongol Empire).It is considered the Mongol Empire's last great military achievement. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." - Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. It became a major local centre with the completion of the Jiangnan Canal (then the southern section of the Grand Canal) in 609. If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. Silk and porcelain were the two most valuable exports. Backlinks from other websites and blogs are the lifeblood of our site and are our primary source of new traffic. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He instituted this policy to prove a candidate's qualification to rule. The Northern Song Dynasty sought to defeat the Liao. Chinese dynasty that greatly increased transportation by building a series of canals to link the three major rivers of China First of all, systematic studies are conducted on the spatial variation of population in Hangzhou over more than 30 years, based on data from several national censuses including the most recent one, the fifth census in 2000. It is found that centripetal movements of population in Hangzhou dominated in the 1960s and 1970s, while centrifugal . Hangzhou Urban Area Population History. Most of the west and north of the former Tang territory was taken over by other empires or by nomadic tribes. He took the name Emperor Taizu (927 976), and during the next 20 years, he and his son defeated the other kingdoms and so established the Song Empire. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? Neighboring Tianjin saw a more significant drop of more than 136,000. After about two decades more of warfare against the Mongols, the Song capital was taken in 1279, and the Song Dynasty era was ended. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. [14] 1966 - Hangzhou Gymnasium (arena) opens. It was thought that this made them more submissive and signified their family's status. Some peasants became wealthy farmers. Mongols rule China and Marco Polo visits Hangzhou in 1290. China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035. a. As described in our Tang Empire (618907) article, when that stable and cosmopolitan empire collapsed in 906 AD, their territory was divided among newly established kingdoms or by invading tribes for 54 years. But the Song invention did not affect their culture much. Nanchang - 6.4 million (up by 183,000) 4. They allied themselves with the Jurchens (or Jin) and started a war that ended in their disaster in the year 1125. On the Population HUB website you can find out the number of people in any of the regions of the Earth. Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone approved. Taizu was unusual for his time for the extent that he nurtured and promoted the educational system, scholarly rule, and scientific research in his empire. The permanent population of Hangzhou has reached 12.204 million with a birth rate of 7.6, a death rate of 4.7, an urbanization rate of 83.6%, and an average age of 38. Visiting historical Hangzhou is slightly easier than in other large cities that have been developing at light-speed. Han people thought that the stunted feet made the women more beautiful. Eleven cities, including Hangzhou, Qingdao and Wenzhou, have populations of 9-10 million. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. But in the Southern Song Empire, rice was abundant, cheap and by far the favorite staple food. What place does Hangzhou have in terms of population in China? The population couldn't grow. There are scheduled flights to Singapore and to Hong Kong and other major cities in China from Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport (opened 2000), 17 miles (28 km) east of the city. After the Qing Dynasty crumbled and the republic was established, Hangzhou lost economic status to Shanghai with its foreign stakes in the 1920s. Average wages per month among full-time workers Japan 2012-2021, Number of foreign nationals Japan 2012-2021, Mean age of marriage Japan 1955-2020, by gender. Song cities,centers of government and commerce, were among the largest cities of the world. The court also desired the territory of the Western Xia in the northwest. The new drought resistant rice from southeast Asia could grow at higher elevations and further north than the native rice. According to a Buddhist monk named Shu Wenying, when the Song Emperor Zhengzhong (998-1022) learned about the southern rice varieties, he sent special envoys to fetch them in. This war ended in a stalemate also. It wasn't until the beginning of the Southern Song era that scholars think that the population in the region first exceeded 100 million. Tours, Family [16] 1978 - Hangzhou Teachers College founded. Try new and First Taizu and then his descendants tried to address these foreign affairs issues. The best surviving example of monumental scale Song construction is the Iron Pagoda in Kaifeng. Those who did the best on the exams memorized the entire texts of the books! However, Hangzhou is also an ancient city with a rich and complex history. The Ly Dynasty behaved as vassals, but the Song court thought that the country was weak enough to conquer. A member of the emperor's clan evaded capture, and he became the first emperor of the Southern Song with the imperial name Gaozong. Discover the hidden gems. Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province and home to Alibaba Group, recorded an estimated population of almost 10 million by the end of 2018, according to a metro newspaper owned by Hangzhou Daily Press Group. These two failed invasions weakened their military strength and the court's finances. Holidays in China in 2023, A Full List Is Here! More details can be found in our privacy policy. Innovation and personal freedom was stifled in later eras. Hangzhou: Population: 64.568 million (4.57 %) [8 th] comparison table: Area: 102,000 km 2 [39,382 mile 2] (1.06 %) [25 th] GDP: th] Neighbors: Shanghai Jiangsu Jiangxi Anhui Fujian: Others or just click on the map: Ancient town of Xitang, Zhejiang. China Highlights uses cookies to give you the best possible service. In between, there was a short period of invasion and infighting among rivals before the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. Like the Leaning Tower of Pisa, this tower leans slightly. Manage Settings A centre of commerce, it was visited in the late 13th century by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo, who called it Kinsai, or Quinsay; it then had an estimated population of 1 million to 1.5 million. Song court officials were generally chosen based on their performance on the Imperial Exam. If you can weave through the vendors, you can get a sense of what the city looked like in ancient times. Hurun Global Rich List 2020", Hangzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone|China Industrial Space, Hangzhou Export Processing Zone|China Industrial Space, Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone|China Industrial Space, "Modern-Day Marco Polo for Hangzhou, China", "Hangzhou Port cargo throughput exceeds 100 mln tons", KLM launched its first flight to Hangzhou in China, "China unveils Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway; eyes network extension", "Hangzhou Halts All Electric Taxis as a Zotye Langyue (Multipla) EV Catches Fire", "Zhejiang University surpasses Tsinghua as top university of China", "Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index", "Kota Kinabalu, Hangzhou to ink MoU to enhance friendship ties", "Remarks by Consul-General CHEN Peijie At the National Day Reception", "China's Hanghzou Clears Out Pestsand Peopleas It Prepares to Host the G20 Summit", Arts Crafts Museum Hangzhou in Google Cultural Institute, List of universities and colleges in Zhejiang, Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley), Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals, Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&oldid=1142578752, Populated places established in the 3rd century BC, Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles containing Chinese-language text, CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans), CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with Persian-language sources (fa), Articles with Latin-language sources (la), CS1 Chinese (China)-language sources (zh-cn), Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2023, Articles needing additional references from April 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles needing cleanup from August 2019, Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from August 2019, Articles needing additional references from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Internal warfare cost Hangzhou hundreds of thousands of people and whole sections of the city were destroyed. Meanwhile, Hebei Province also saw a drop, including in provincial capital Shijiazhuang by 36,000 and in Tangshan city by 21,000. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Though vastly outnumbered, the Mongols won! During his 16 years of rule, he instituted important successful imperial policies and won his wars of expansion. To pass the examination, almost all bureaucrats needed to learn by heart the Four Books of the Neo-Confucian Classics. That the merchandise sold in Hangzhou was of higher quality than that sold in other Chinese cities c. Instead of just trying to live at peace with these powerful neighbors, they choose to invade with disastrous results. Hangzhou becomes increasingly powerful and prosperous. International trade was a very important part of their economy. "2030", 20072020271, . (May 16, 2018). AuthorHUANG Yuxuan (Reporter) EditorWang Jian. Based on imperial census counts taken during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC9 AD) and the Tang Dynasty (618907), it is thought that the population of both of the those empires was about 50 million or 60 million. Most other cities can only boast of one special product; what makes the capital unique is that it gathers goods from all places. Advanced waterworks: Major irrigation projects and canal building projects using advanced engineering techniques improved agriculture, transportation, food distribution and trade. But most of their tall towers were built in the capital cities of Kaifeng and Hangzhou. Notable are Xi Lake, nestled in hills, and, on a slope northwest of the lake, Lingyan Temple, considered one of the most famous Buddhist temples in China. Accessible information on the population of any region, fast work of the site and constant updating of information are the basis of our resource. expert. The country's top ten most populous cities are Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Wuhan and Harbin. In 2010, the population of Hangzhou had amounted to about 5.76 million inhabitants and was forecasted to grow up to almost 9.7 million by 2035. He staffed his government with well-educated people. Tours: Two Song-era pagodas, Iron Pagoda and Pota Pagoda, can be visited in Kaifeng along with other ancient Song architecture in Hangzhou such as the Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou. So rice cultivation spread into more areas of the Song Empire. Tours, Yangtze He wrote scientific treatises about his own cutting-edge research and about various fields that show advanced knowledge in several areas. 1867 - Hangchow Presbyterian Boys' School in operation. 1. Their wealth allowed them to enjoy arts and recreational activities. They applied improved techniques of rice cultivation. Hangzhou continued to grow and prosper from its local industries, especially silk weaving, and became the center for silk production in all of China. Hangzhou - Population. China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions) [Graph]. The document excerpted below, by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou a city of between seven and eight The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2022 was 8,045,000, a 2.54% increase from 2021. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. over China [10-12]. Here's a list of the top 10 cities with the biggest increases in permanent populations in 2021: 1. They carried gunpowder bombs that could blow up enemy boats. With these strengths, the new empire quickly started flourishing by prioritizing maritime trade and building a powerful navy. China Highlights tailor-makes China tours to help travelers discover The architecture of the Song era was noted for numerous tall structures. Hangzhou has won the hearts of more and more young people in recent years. He is said to have discovered the concepts of true north and magnetic declination towards the North Pole. Its commercial role was later augmented by the construction of a railway to Shanghai (1909), of another to Ningbo (1914), and of a main line to Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in 193638. The textile industry, originally confined to silk production, now produces both silk and cottons. Copyright 1995 - Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Then, a leading scientist and scientific writer named Shen Kuo (1031-1095) who wrote a then leading-edge scientific book called The Dream Pool Essays undertook to lead an army against them. This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 05:52. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Their weapons were the most advanced in the world. Zhejiang University (1897) is among the largest and most prestigious institutions in China; its size was expanded considerably in 1998 when it was reconstituted after amalgamating with the former Zhejiang Agricultural University (1910) and Hangzhou University (1952).

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