The basic elements of an Act of Spiritual Communion are an Act of Faith, an Act of Love, a desire to receive Christ, and an . It was comparatively late in life that Alphonsus became a writer. When he heard from her of the devotion of the Rosary, which she practiced, and the letter she had received, he ordered all the others to repeatit, and it is related that this monastery became a paradise. There are many editions of the Saint's Moral Theology; the best and latest is that of P. GAUDI, C.SS.R. Entdecke ST. ROSE VON LIMA, SCHWESTER MARY ALPHONSUS katholisches heiliges Buch in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Saint Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, C.Ss.R. St. Alphonsus was so scrupulous about truth that when, in 1776, the regalist, Mgr. In fact, in the beginning, the young priest in his humility would not be Superior even of the house, judging one of his companions, John Baptist Donato, better fitted for the post because he had already had some experience of community life in another institute. Saint Alphonsus Liguori; Revelation Delivered Through Frances Marie Klug Clarence F. Galli. The suffering which this brought on Alphonsus, with his sensitive and high-strung disposition, was very great, besides what was worse, the relaxation of discipline and loss of vocations which it caused in the Order itself. In 1762, there was no escape and he was constrained by formal obedience to the Pope to accept the Bishopric of St. Agatha of the Goths, a very small Neapolitan diocese lying a few miles off the road from Naples to Capua. Mimoires sur la vie et la congrigation de St. Alphonse de Liguori (Paris, 1842, 3 vols.). Cardinals Spinelli, Sersale, and Orsini; Popes Benedict XIV, Clement XIII, Clement XIV, and Pius VI, to each of whom Alphonsus dedicated a volume of his works. What are Revelations? Transcription. Two days after he was born, he was baptized at the Church of Our Lady the Virgin as Alphonsus Mary Anthony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori. He came from a wealthy family in Naples, Italy, and had every advantage in life from the moment he was born in 1696. Naples had been part of the dominions of Spain since 1503, but in 1708 when Alphonsus was twelve years old, it was conquered by Austria during the war of the Spanish Succession. At three different times in his missions, while preaching, a ray of light from a picture of Our Lady darted towards him, and he fell into an ecstasy before the people. The Government throughout had recognized the good effect of his missions, but it wished the missionaries to be secular priests and not a religious order. He was fervent about using common words in . This prayer is a petition asking for the grace to love God more, so as to fear hell and desire to do His . MIRACLES RELATED BY ST. ALPHONSUS LIGUORI from his book The Glories of Mary Some persons, boasting of being free from prejudices, take great credit to themselves for believing no miracles but those recorded in the holy scriptures, esteeming all others as tales and fables for foolish women. Alphonsus Liguori, CSsR (27 September 1696 - 1 August 1787), sometimes called Alphonsus Maria de Liguori or Saint Alphonsus Liguori, was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. He was born Alphonsus Marie Antony John Cosmos Damien Michael Gaspard de Liguori on September 27,1696, at Marianella, near Naples, Italy. One of the most widely read Catholic authors, he is the patron saint of confessors. In February, 1775, however, Pius VI was elected Pope, and the following May he permitted the Saint to resign his see. He was a lawyer by the time he was 16 years old! After a short interval--we do not know exactly how long--the answer came. A voice said "This is he whom I have chosen to be head of My Institute, the Prefect General of a new Congregation of men who shall work for My glory." Alphonsus had still one final storm to meet, and then the end. Thus was he left free for his real work, the founding of a new religious congregation. The cause of this was "regalism", the omnipotence of kings even in matters spiritual, which was the system of government in Naples as in all the Bourbon States. Saint Alphonsus Liguori's Story Moral theology, Vatican II said, should be more thoroughly nourished by Scripture, and show the nobility of the Christian vocation of the faithful and their obligation to bring forth fruit in charity for the life of the world. The Holy Father addressed the faithful taking part in the General audience of Wednesday, 1 August [2012], in Piazza della Libert, the square outside the Papal residence in Castel Gandolfo. He was declared "Venerable", 4 May, 1796; was beatified in 1816, and canonized in 1839. He fed the poor, instructed the ignorant, reorganized his seminary, reformed his convents, created a new spirit in his clergy, banished scandalous noblemen and women of evil life with equal impartiality, brought the study of theology and especially of moral theology into honour, and all the time was begging pope after pope to let him resign his office because he was doing nothing for his diocese. This was to be a momentous revolution for Alphonsus. [4] He was ordained on 21 December 1726, at the age of 30. Other personal friends of Alphonsus were the Jesuit Fathers de Matteis, Zaccaria, and Nonnotte. a special feature of his method was the return of the missionaries, after an interval of some months, to the scene of their labours to consolidate their work by what was called the "renewal of a mission.". He said: "I have never preached a sermon which the poorest old woman in the congregation could not understand". It has a tendency at every moment to deflect, and if it does deflect from the right path, the greater the momentum the more terrible the final crash. In his new abode he met a friend of his host's, Father Thomas Falcoia, of the Congregation of the "Pii Operarii" (Pious Workers), and formed with him the great friendship of his life. Tradues em contexto de "Mary of Liguori" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : The Holy Church honors the priest and the priest must honor the Church with the holiness of his life - proposed St. Alphonsus Mary of Liguori on the day of his Ordination - with zeal, with work and with decorum. As it was traditionally associated with the zampogna, or large-format Italian bagpipe, it became known as Canzone d'i zampognari, the "Carol of the Bagpipers". He submitted the new Rule to a number of theologians, who approved of it, and said it might be adopted in the convent of Scala, provided the community would accept it. Confident that some special sacrifice was required of him, though he did not yet know what, he did not return to his profession, but spent his days in prayer, seeking to know God's will. Theabbot of that monastery soon after visited it, and attempted to reform it, but he didnot succeed; and one day he saw a great number of demons entering the cells of all thenuns except that of Jane, for the heavenly mother, before whose image he saw herpraying, banished them from that. At the time of his death, there were 72, with over 10,000 active participants. He was more concerned with the spiritual conflict which was going on at the same time. [12], He was beatified on 15 September 1816 by Pope Pius VII and canonized on 26 May 1839 by Pope Gregory XVI.[13][14]. But when the question was put to the community, opposition began. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York. His sermons were very effective at converting those who had been alienated from their faith. His hymns are justly celebrated in Italy. He was baptized two days later in the church of Our Lady of the Virgins, in Naples. St. Alphonsus, after publishing anonymously (in 1749 and 1755) two treatises advocating the right to follow the less probable opinion, in the end decided against that lawfulness, and in case of doubt only allowed freedom from obligation where the opinions for and against the law were equal or nearly equal. Could he have been what an Anglo-Saxon would consider a miracle of calm, he would have seemed to his companions absolutely inhuman. The "Moral Theology", after a historical introduction by the Saint's friend, P. Zaccaria, S.J., which was omitted, however, from the eighth and ninth editions, begins with a treatise "De Conscientia", followed by one "De Legibus". St. Alphonsus as a moral theologian occupies the golden mean between the schools tending either to laxity or to rigour which divided the theological world of his time. Alphonsus was preaching missions in the rural areas and writing. Today I would like to present to you the figure of a holy Doctor of the Church to whom we are deeply indebted because he was an outstanding moral theologian and a teacher of spiritual . The eighteenth century was one series of great wars; that of the Spanish, Polish, and Austrian Succession; the Seven Years' War, and the War of American Independence, ending with the still more gigantic struggles in Europe, which arose out of the events of 1789. The early years, following the founding of the new order, were not promising. (Rome, 1905). The Glories of Mary ( Italian: Le glorie di Maria) is a classic book in the field of Roman Catholic Mariology, written during the 18th century by Saint Alphonsus Liguori, a Doctor of the Church . No doubt Thomas Falcoia had for some time hoped that the ardent young priest, who was so devoted to him, might, under his direction, be the founder of the new Order he had at heart. where the Hosts were buried. Thank you. It is true that theologians even of the broadest school are agreed that, when an opinion in favour of the law is so much more probable as to amount practically to moral certainty, the less probable opinion cannot be followed, and some have supposed that St. Alphonsus meant no more than this by his terminology. His system of moral theology is noted for its prudence, avoiding both laxism and excessive rigour. at last came peace, and on 1 August, 1787, as the midday Angelus was ringing, the Saint passed peacefully to his reward. The foundation faced immediate problems, and after just one year, Alphonsus found himself with only one lay brother, his other companions having left to form their own religious group. Let's start with the saint. Alphonsus wrote profusely on moral, theological, and ascetical subjects [notably his Moral Theology], was constantly engaged in combating anticlericalism and Jansenism, and was involved in several controversies over . To supplement this, God allowed him in the last years of his life to fall into disgrace with the pope, and to find himself deprived of all external authority, trembling at times even for his eternal salvation. Here with 30,000 uninstructed people, 400 mostly indifferent and sometimes scandalous secular clergy, and seventeen more or less relaxed religious houses to look after, in a field so overgrown with weeds that they seemed the only crop, he wept and prayed and spent days and nights in unremitting labour for thirteen years. The poor advocate turned pale. Alphonsus was a lawyer, and as a lawyer he attached much importance to the weight of evidence. [4] Myopia and chronic asthma precluded a military career so his father had him educated in the legal profession. These form the first book of the work, while the second contains the treatises on Faith, Hope, and Charity. In 1871 he was named a doctor of the church by Pope Pius IX. She was told to write it down and show it to the director of the convent, that is to Falcoia himself. She became known in religion as Sister Maria Celeste. Still there was a time of danger. Among his best known works are The Glories of Mary and The Way of the Cross, the latter still used in parishes during Lenten devotions. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Herbermann, Charles, ed. In September of the next year he received the tonsure and soon after joined the association of missionary secular priests called the "Neapolitan Propaganda", membership of which did not entail residence in common. Liguori was a prolific and popular author. Saint Alphonsus Liguori. St. Alphonsus Liguori Opening Prayer My Lord Jesus Christ, you have made this journey to die for me with infinite love. by S. HORNER (Edinburgh, 1858); VON REUMONT, Die Carafa von Maddaloni (Berlin, 1851, 2 vols. His writings on moral, theological, and ascetic matters had great impact and have survived through the years, especially his Moral Theology and his Glories of Mary. An interesting series of portraits might be painted of those who play a part in the Saint's history: Charles III and his minister Tanucci; Charle's son Ferdinand, and Ferdinand's strange and unhappy Queen, Maria Carolina, daughter of Maria Teresa and sister of Marie Antoinette. By 1777, the Saint, in addition to four houses in Naples and one in Sicily, had four others at Scifelli, Frosinone, St. Angelo a Cupolo, and Beneventum, in the States of the Church. As he did not die till 1808 (his work appeared in 1799) he was a companion of the Saint for over forty years and an eyewitness of much that he relates. If you donate just $5.00, the price of your coffee, Catholic Online School could keep thriving. Catholic Encyclopedia. He lived his first years as a priest with the homeless and the marginalized youth of Naples. Filangieri forbade any change of rule and removed Falcoia from all communication with the convent. 1. Paths to Heaven; Revelations. Even when taking him into society in order to arrange a good marriage for him, he wished Alphonsus to put God first, and every year father and son would make a retreat together in some religious house. Dissensions arose, the Saint's former friend and chief companion, Vincent Mannarini, opposing him and Falcoia in everything. He knew that trials were before him. The Fathers in the Papal States, with too precipitate zeal, in the very beginning denounced the change of Rule to Rome. Even if there be some exaggeration in this, for it is not in an advocate's power always to be on the winning side, the tradition shows that he was extraordinarily able and successful. Except in '45, in all of these, down to the first shot fired at Lexington, the English-speaking world was on one side and the Bourbon States, including Naples, on the other. To come to saints, the great Jesuit missionary St. Francis di Geronimo took the little Alphonsus in his arms, blessed him, and prophesied that he would do great work for God; while a Franciscan, St. John Joseph of the Cross, was well known to Alphonsus in later life. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Although there are many modern . Printable Catholic Saints PDFs Alphonsus's temperament was very ardent. A star preacher, he called his fellow sermonizers on the carpet for sermons of "empty, rumbling rhetoric" or "flashy . Sarnelli was almost openly supported by the all-powerful Tanucci, and the suppression of the Congregation at last seemed a matter of days, when on 26 October, 1776, Tanucci, who had offended Queen Maria Carolina, suddenly fell from power. The saints are not inhuman but real men of flesh and blood, however much some hagiographers may ignore the fact. Blessed Clement Hofbauer joined the Redemptorist congregation in the aged Saint's lifetime, though Alphonsus never saw in the flesh the man whom he knew would be the second founder of his Order. "I follow my conscience", he wrote in 1764, "and when reason persuades me I make little account of moralists." Lord, When Did We See You Hungry or Thirsty or a Stranger or Naked or Ill or in Prison? In fact, despite his youth, he seems at the age of twenty-seven to have been one of the leaders of the Neapolitan Bar. On 21 December of the same year, at the age of thirty, he was ordained priest. This occurred twice. Psychologically, Alphonsus may be classed among twice-born souls; that is to say, there was a definitely marked break or conversion, in his life, in which he turned, not from serious sin, for that he never committed, but from comparative worldliness, to thorough self-sacrifice for God. His perseverance was indomitable. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Preaching, Eugene Grimm ed., Benziger Brothers, New York, 1887, Liguori, Alphonsus. St. Alphonsus, however, did not in all things follow their teaching, especially on one point much debated in the schools; namely, whether we may in practice follow an opinion which denies a moral obligation, when the opinion which affirms a moral obligation seems to us to be altogether more probable. A year of trouble and anxiety followed. The eighteenth century was not an age remarkable for depth of spiritual life, yet it produced three of the greatest missionaries of the Church, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, St. Paul of the Cross, and St. Alphonsus Liguori. Imprimatur. Alphonsus was lawyer, founder, religious superior, bishop, theologian, and mystic, but he was above all a missionary, and no true biography of the Saint will neglect to give this due prominence. and reportedly performed miracles. In the last years of his life, he suffered a painful sickness and bitter persecution from his fellow priests, who dismissed him from the Congregation that he had founded. Very few remarks upon his own times occur in the Saint's letters. Addeddate [8] Moreover, Liguori viewed scruples as a blessing at times and wrote: "Scruples are useful in the beginning of conversion. they cleanse the soul, and at the same time make it careful". The boy was bright and quick beyond his years, and made great progress in all kinds of learning. Then the storm subsided, and he began to see that his humiliation had been sent him by God to break down his pride and wean him from the world. He spent the next few years in recasting this work, and in 1753 appeared the first volume of the "Theologia Moralis", the second volume, dedicated to Benedict XIV, following in 1755. In December, 1724, he received minor orders, and the subdiaconate in September, 1725. Beatified: September 15, 1816. He remained thunderstruck for a moment; then said in a broken voice: "You are right. The family was of noble lineage, but the branch to which Liguori belonged had become somewhat impoverished. Shop St. Alphonsus Marie Liguori. Visiting the local Hospital for Incurables on August 28, 1723, he had a vision and was told to consecrate his life solely to God. This involves expressing our faith in Christ and in His Presence in the Eucharist, and asking Him to unite Himself with us. Your Catholic Voice Foundation has been granted a recognition of tax exemption under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. The rudder is humility, which, in the intellect, is a realization of our own unworthiness, and in the will, docility to right guidance. If we except a few poems published in 1733 (the Saint was born in 1696), his first work, a tiny volume called "Visits to the Blessed Sacrament", only appeared in 1744 or 1745, when he was nearly fifty years old. This combination of practical common sense with extraordinary energy in administrative work ought to make Alphonsus, if he were better known, particularly attractive to the English-speaking nations, especially as he is so modern a saint. ), was published by P. KUNTZ, C.SS.R., director of the Roman archives of his Congregation. He continued to live with the Redemptorist community in Pagani, Italy, where he died on 1 August 1787. It is a matter for friendly controversy, but it seems there was a real difference, though not as great in practice as is supposed, between the Saint's later teaching and that current in the Society. Fearful temptations against every virtue crowded upon him, together with diabolical apparitions and illusions, and terrible scruples and impulses to despair which made life a hell. He was born Alphonsus Marie Antony John Cosmos Damien Michael Gaspard de Liguori on September 27,1696, at Marianella, near Naples, Italy. He died on August 1 at Nocera. To this altered Rule or "Regolamento", as it came to be called, the unsuspecting Saint was induced to put his signature. But one may easily overcrowd a narrow canvas and it is better in so slight a sketch to leave the central figure in solitary relief. The question as to what does or does not constitute a lie is not an easy one, but it is a subject in itself. They also fought Jansenism, a heresy that preached an excessive moral rigorism: "the penitents should be treated as souls to be saved rather than as criminals to be punished". [5] He founded the Evening Chapels, which were managed by the young people themselves. Tannoia, also, through some mental idiosyncrasy, manages to give the misleading impression that St. Alphonsus was severe. Castle, H. (1907). Alphonsus being so old and so inform he was eighty-five, crippled, deaf, and nearly blind his one chance of success was to be faithfully served by friends and subordinates, and he was betrayed at every turn. Federal Tax Identification Number: 81-0596847. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This lifelong friendship aided Alphonsus, as did his association with a mystic, Sister Mary Celeste. Now the saint has a very great momentum indeed, and a spoiled saint is often a great villain. Vague rumours of impending treachery had got about and had been made known to him, but he had refused to believe them. His promotion to the episcopate in 1762 led to a renewal of his missionary activity, but in a slightly different form. In the eight years of his career as advocate, years crowded with work, he is said never to have lost a case. His masterpiece was The Moral Theology (1748), which was approved by the Pope himself[5] and was born of Liguori's pastoral experience, his ability to respond to the practical questions posed by the faithful and his contact with their everyday problems. It was through Louis Florent Gillet, Redemptorist priest and co-founder of the Sisters of IHM that we have been gifted with the legacy of St. Alphonsus Liguori. In April 1729, the Apostle of China, Matthew Ripa, founded a missionary college in Naples, which became known colloquially as the "Chinese College". Colletta's book gives the best general picture of the time, but is marred by anti-clerical bias. Perhaps in any case the submission of their Rule to a suspicious and even hostile civil power was a mistake. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01334a.htm. The family was an old and noble one, though the branch to which the Saint belonged had become somewhat impoverished. The result of the retreat to the nuns was that the young priest, who before had been prejudiced by reports in Naples against the proposed new Rule, became its firm supporter, and even obtained permission from the Bishop of Scala for the change.

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