, Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics. Where figures have been published, links are provided as part of the text and tables. In 2019, the most common sentence for this offence was a fine, received by 87% of females sentenced and 90% of males. 2019/20 saw a fall in the prevalence of sexual assault in the last year for women aged 16 to 74 (3.7% in 2018/19 to 2.9% in 2019/20). Figure 5.11: Proportion of offenders sentenced for indictable offences, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentence lengths and average custodial sentence length (ACSL). , Details can be found in the Technical Guide published alongside this report. The total number of defendants in 2019 including those who fail to appear, companies and where gender is unknown was 1.44 million. , A single individual (includes people and companies) can be counted more than once in a year if they are dealt with by the CJS on more than one occasion. , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. To help us improve GOV.UK, wed like to know more about your visit today. Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. In 2019, 13% of females were cautioned or convicted as first time offenders for theft offences, compared with 7% of males. Youth custody report for April 2016 published. When men get awarded child support, they average 17% less than women. Conveyance of drugs or weapons into or out of prison females made up 53% of 324 convictions in 2019, up 8 pp since 2015. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15 (62% for young females and 53% for young males). We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Divorce Rate by Gender; The Rate of Divorce by Age; . You have rejected additional cookies. Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English & Maths. Topics include: Prison Population, Youth Custody, Unsentenced prison remand population, Sentences served in prison (type and length) Receptions and Releases, Her Majestys Inspectorate for Prisons (HMIP) survey[footnote 59], Self-harm in custody, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders). Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 1999 October 2002 In the spring of 2000, an estimated 13.5 million parents had custody of 21.7 million children under 21 years of age whose other parent lived somewhere else. As with custodial sentences, females on average received shorter community orders (11.6 months) and suspended sentence orders (16.6 months) on compared to males (at 12.5 and 17.3 months respectively). Overall, over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned in the matched cohort had SEN without a statement, 61% for young females and 60% for young males. In 2019/20, 3.9% of male adults reported being the victim once or more of a CSEW personal crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse; down from 4.5%). In 2019, there were 72,200 first receptions into prison, of which 90% were male and 10% were female. There were 5.4 million custodial parents who were supposed to receive child support in 2017, 1.2 million of which (22.2%) had family incomes below the poverty threshold. Figure 5.06: Remand status at magistrates courts, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Figure 5.07: Remand status at Crown Court, by sex, 2015 to 2019, Outcomes for defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court. A higher proportion of female prisoners self-harmed in 2019. Young females who were sentenced to custody for more than 12 months had a 73% proportion with SEN without a statement compared to 65% for young males. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Additionally, men are awarded less support on average than mothers who are awarded support. This was higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (14% for both young females and young males). Figure 7.04: Age distribution of male and female defendants, England and Wales, 2019. Youth custody statistics for October 2013 published. Figure 5.03: Number of defendants proceeded against at magistrates courts, by offence type and sex, 2015 to 2019. Male homicide victims had higher prevalence in all age groups, except those over 65, and 5-15, where females were more often the victim. Little is known, however, about child custody evaluators beliefs, background, knowledge about domestic violence, and other factors that may shape their recommendations1 regarding custody and parent-child visitation arrangements. Female homicide victims were most often between 25-34 years old (17%). June 28, 2018. A fixed period exclusion can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. A higher proportion of females also reported having a child under 18. Among children, 7.9% of males reported crimes against the person in 2019/20, significantly more than females did (3.7%). ONS data from 2012 shows that of the UK's 400,000 single parent families, only 13.5% of these (54,000) are single dads. , Offenders whose sex was unknown were excluded from all analyses in this section, which might lead to very small inconsistencies with other published statistics on offenders. This difference is driven by female offenders receiving shorter average custodial lengths than males. , Bespoke analysis from the 2019-20 Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) annual report can be found in the chapter tables, published alongside this report. separation. In 2019, a smaller proportion of female offenders were sentenced for indictable offences at 10%, compared to 22% of male offenders. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. Females of all age groups were more likely to experience domestic abuse than males. Prison population figures are from the Offender Management Statistics quarterly bulletin and are averaged across 12 months. Youth Custody report for June 2013 published. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. , Information about sex was provided for all individuals in this chapter; there are no unknown or not stated cases for any of the CJS organisations discussed. For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. The proportions of female practitioners vary across the CJS organisations (Figure 9.01)[footnote 121]. This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). In 2019/20, there was a significant difference between males (63.4%) and females (57.3%) who perceived the Criminal Justice System to be fair, as seen in previous years. Findings from a recent data sharing exercise between the MoJ and the Department for Education (DfE) are presented here, with analysis on a matched cohort of those who were in Year 6 in either 2008/09 or 2009/10 and who were aged ten at the start of those academic years[footnote 91][footnote 92]. Statistics show that women are awarded child custody in nearly 90 percent of all cases. , PSRs provide information to the court about the offender and any circumstances surrounding the offence, to help decide on a suitable sentence. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. , For both indictable and summary offences. Of all female defendants prosecuted at court, 55% were prosecuted for summary non-motoring offences compared to 29% of male defendants in the latest year. , For 2014/15, following SEND reforms, SEN pupils are categorised as SEN with a statement or Education, health and care (EHC) plan and SEN support. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. The proportion of females experiencing domestic abuse in 2019/20 was 7.3%, double that of males (3.6%). All organisations within the CJS have increased female representation among senior staff over the last 5 years. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. Figure 5.13: Average custodial sentence length, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Therefore, Figure 3.01 refers to the previous year, 2018/19. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal crime, compared to 3.4% of females. (Bieber, 2020) It normally takes one year to complete a divorce. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. Following past trends, females were disproportionately affected by all forms of intimate violence, according to CSEW data[footnote 13]. The strategy sets out the Government's commitment to a new programme of work for female offenders, which will take some years to deliver, driven by our vision to see: fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater Figure 7.12: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of fixed period exclusion, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.5). A higher proportion of young females were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, were identified at risk of suicide, self-harm or harm through personal neglect and in need of accommodation, education, employment or training. Figure 8.03: Indictable offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. Following prosecution, defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. The number of TVLEO prosecutions has decreased for both female (down 30%) and male (down 37%) defendants since 2015, although the decrease between 2018 and 2019 was negligible compared to previous years. In 2019/20, 31,800 individuals were detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983) in England and Wales, a 2% increase when compared to the previous year[footnote 26]. In the year ending March 2020 (referred to as 2019/20 throughout), the proportion of adults who were victim of a CSEW crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse) was 13.3%, down from 14.9% the year before, with no significant difference between men and women. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16. Lone parents with dependent children represented 17% of all families with dependent children in 2019, and females accounted for 91% of these lone parents[footnote 117]. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. It draws upon published extracts of human resources records for the police (2019/20), Ministry of Justice (MoJ; 2018/19), Crown Prosecution Service (CPS; 2018/19), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS; 2019/20), magistracy[footnote 119] and judiciary[footnote 120]. The largest increase in female representation was seen in court judges by 5 percentage points, to 32%. Youth custody data report for June 2014 published. The publication also contains more detailed information on the make-up of the custody population by legal basis for detention, accommodation type, age group, gender, ethnicity and region of origin. The most recent annual reoffending data available is for the 2017/18 (i.e. Over the last 5 years, these proportions have been gradually increasing. Youth custody report for August 2015 published. , Data is from Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). In 2019, 43% of all PSRs were written, fast delivery PSRs[footnote 52] (females 39%, males 44%). Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System. In 2019, 96% of child custodial sentences were given to male children[footnote 84]. , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. Figure 7.07: Proportion of males and female offenders by offending history, England and Wales, 2015 and 2019. Figure 5.05: Crime lower legal aid workload by sex and legal aid category, 2019. , For the detailed statistics for specific offences used in this chapter, see the Principal offence proceedings and outcomes by Home Office offence code data tool in Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019. Court bail includes those remanded on bail at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who were never remanded in custody but who may also have been not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. Report and data for March 2018 published. The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. , The conviction ratio is defined as the ratio of convictions to prosecutions for a principle offence over one year. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. Compared to males, a higher proportion of females reported: self-declared mental health problems, physical disability, having drug and alcohol problems, money worries and housing worries. Youth Custody Report for November 2013 published. In 2019, the guilty plea rates for indictable-only offences were 57% for males and 61% for females, and for triable-either-way offences they were 74% for males and 67% for females. Possession of an article with blade or point (760 sentenced). However, given the range of recording practises (see technical guide for details) throughout the CJS, it is likely that most recording includes a mixture of physiological and personal identity. When split by sex, larger percentage decreases were seen over the last 5 years for female adults (25%) and children (31%) compared to males (21% and 26% respectively). , In some cases, such as in the prison population, the age band for children is defined differently. Time Method View help for Time Method Females also consistently had a higher guilty plea rate for indictable offences. Between 2015 and 2019 the median time from offence to charge increased for both females and males to varying degrees, up 10% and 33% respectively. We are trialling the publication of this statistical bulletin in HTML format alongside the usual PDF version and we are seeking user feedback on the use of HTML for the publication of statistical bulletins. Data are presented in terms of calendar and financial years (usually 2019 or 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. This difference is likely to be linked to the greater seriousness of offences typically dealt with at the Crown Court. Personal crime is defined by the CSEW as comprising of all violence and thefts. Figure 5.02: Individuals dealt with formally by the CJS, by sex, 2015 to 2019. This chapter explores the activity of the police, by the sex of the suspect or offender they deal with. Youth custody report for November 2015 published. , Excluding companies and those of unknown sex, which accounted for 10% of the total number of defendants in 2019. Similarly, in just over half of all . Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. This report is also accompanied by an infographic summarising key findings. , Court outcomes figures split by sex and ethnicity is limited to indictable offences where is a robust proportion with known ethnicity. Of those remanded in custody at Crown Court in 2019, 76% of male offenders were sentenced to immediate custody compared to 60% of females. Statistically, it appears that the family courts in the United States are biased against fathers. Prosecutions for indictable offences for females have decreased by 29% since 2015, from 48,000 to 33,800. As at 30 June 2019, there were 9,100 prisoners held on remand (unsentenced), 6% of the prison population held on remand were female and this proportion was stable over the last 5 years. Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019 Victimisation Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. Females accounted for 15% of arrests, unchanged since 2015/16. Fines accounted for 34% of females sentenced in 2019 and 33% received a community sentence, compared with 44% and 30% for males. The proportion of young females who had been permanently excluded and sentenced to a fine was 9%, compared to 15% for young males, a 6 percentage point difference. Figure 5.04: Proportion of the defendants brought to magistrates court by prosecuting authority and sex, 2019. In the most recent year, females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender (also known as the frequency rate) compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. A consistently lower proportion of female defendants entered a guilty plea over the last 5 years, at 66% in 2019 compared to 71% of male defendants. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. 2% of crime lower legal aid clients had an unstated sex. A higher proportion of males were proceeded against for indictable offences (22%) compared to females (10%). , Where sex is known. Self-harm in prison custody is defined as any act where a prisoner deliberately harms themselves irrespective of the method, intent or severity of any injury. In the last 5 years, females consistently had a higher proportion of prisoners who self-harmed and a higher number of instances of self-harm per 1,000 prisoners[footnote 66]. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. The custody rate ranged between 20% and 23% across all female ethnic groups. , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). Youth custody report for September 2015 published. , Defendants with unknown age and sex are excluded. Defendants with unknown or not stated sex accounted for 10% of all prosecutions in 2019. Youth custody report for November 2014 published. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a smaller proportion of young males (80%) had a record of persistent absence compared to young females (85%). Figure 1.01: Proportions of males and females throughout the CJS, 2019. Report and data for December 2017 published. GillespieShields. Youth custody report for July 2014 published. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected]. The biggest difference between males and females in median days from offence to completion is the 102 days more (25%) for females in fraud offence cases, which can be explained by the 108 days higher offence to charge for females in comparison to males. Police station advice alone accounts for 71% of the workload for both sexes in 2019, increasing from around 60% since 2012. The number of PNDs issued has continued to decline over the last 5 years, falling from 47,400 in 2015 by 58% to 19,800 in 2019. Following changes to the administrative systems at the Crown Court that completed in September 2019, estimates of defendants representation status at the Crown Court are not available for this release. This has remained broadly stable since 2015. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. Despite this, a higher proportion of females reported verbal abuse, threats and bullying from other prisoners. Three-year time series refers to 2016/17 to 2018/19. Data are also provided on a trend basis dating back to 2000 to 2001 and 2005 to 2006 onwards for more detailed data. In 2019, 15% of males and 17% females elected to be tried at the Crown Court. Isn't It Gender Discrimination? As a consequence, care should be taken to ensure the limitations of these data are taken into account. , This section looks at persons only and excludes those where sex is not stated. The largest percentage difference is for drug offences which have a median offence to completion that is 47% higher (49 days) for females in comparison to males. , See the Families and Households 2019 dataset for further information on household types. , This section looks at all offence types. The proportion of adults who experienced violent crime generally decreased with increasing age. Data is not available for Community Rehabilitation Companies. Therefore, to ensure comparability across year, these forces have been excluded from the calculations for the year on year change. Youth custody report for September 2014 published. Youth custody report for March 2015 published. Youth custody report for September 2016 published. Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. The overall child conviction ratio for indictable offences remained broadly stable since 2015, at 70%. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. These statistics concentrate on the flow of children (aged 10-17) through the youth justice system in England and Wales. , Fixed period exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded from a school for a set period of time. More females experienced two types of abuse (18.3%) than males (13.5%), often including domestic stalking. Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. Further information on the following topics related to offender management is available online: Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning, Safety in Custody, Deaths in or following police contact, Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Restricted Patients, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary License, Licence Recalls. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs without a statement, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.3). The overall ACSL (where sex is known) has been increasing over the last 5 years, from 16.3 months in 2015 to 19.0 months in 2019. All official statistics should comply with all aspects of the Code of Practice for Statistics. , Where there are multiple suspects in a homicide case, they are categorised in the Homicide Index as either the principal or a secondary suspect. Youth custody data for March 2017 published. In 2019/20, 3.9% of males were victim to personal. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who were victims of personal crime, by type, year ending March 2019. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical information. Youth custody data for December 2015 published. In 2018/19, the most frequent method of killing was sharp instrument for both males (46%) and females (25%), accounting for 39% of all homicides, consistent with previous years. Annual figures are then produced by aggregating the four 3-monthly cohorts within each given year. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. This chapter (largely drawing from the Offender Management statistics Quarterly) provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community, by sex. Figure 9.01: Proportion of practitioners in organisations involved in the CJS of each sex, by organisation, most recent year available vs. five years prior. In the most recent year, the CPS and MoJ had the highest proportions of senior staff who were female at 57% and 51%, respectively; these were the only organisations where the representation of females in senior positions was higher than that of males. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. The highest frequency rate was observed amongst female offenders aged 30 to 34, at 4.83, whilst for male offenders, it was highest in both the 30-34 and 35-39 age groups, at 4.44 reoffences per reoffender. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . , Following the Transforming Rehabilitation reforms to probation and creation and subsequent transfer of the National Probation Service (NPS) into NOMS on 1 June 2014, it is not possible to make a direct comparison to previous years for probation staff. Of those remanded in custody at magistrates court in 2019, 65% of male defendants were sent for trial or sentencing at Crown Court, compared to 50% of female defendants. Until the statistics tell us that more than 4 percent of divorced fathers are seeking custody through the Family Court system, there are few men who have such experience and proof of a true "gender bias." In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. HMPPS (excluding NPS) have seen the largest increase in female representation of senior staff, increasing by 10 percentage points, to 45% in 2020. Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. Youth custody report November 2017 and youth custody data for November 2017 published. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 (KS4) academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15. As with adults, the most common offence group was violence against the person, for which 37% of female young people were being dealt with when referred to liaison and diversion services compared to 19% of male young people.

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