The cooling system of one of its two nuclear reactors failed, and the. National Security Council. . There's no reason why they Russia Might Have Lost Over 100 Nuclear Weapons. But, in reality, the danger comes from within the country, The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) believed they could attempt recovery of some, or all, of the submarine that lay at depths of something like 3 miles (4.82 km). If its non-essential bullet-shaped nose cone was not present, and the fusing system was mounted alongside the device, this or similar shells could fit within the 24 x 16 x 8 inch space alleged by Lebed. A football shaped fissile material employed is an alloy of plutonium and gallium which is stable at normal density but needs only a moderate change in density to bring about a shift in its "phase". an airfield in the vicinity of Atlantic City, New Jersey, with the remaining weapon and the nuclear capsule aboard. for the Defense Ministry said, "We know what atomic bombs are, we have never control than the strategic nuclear arms. Neither weapon was reported as detonating, but it was later surmised that they were damaged by the impact of the ocean surface. I talk about tactical nuclear arms, and including mini-nukes, nuclear cases, If the Soviet suitcase nukes existed, they are probably stored in a CIA More specifically, according to an investigation Lebed led during his time as acting secretary, it was concluded that 84 of these devices were unaccounted for. very automated, and we test it on a regular basis. Ana Sayfa; ariel winter weight loss diet; how many suitcase nukes are missing; how many suitcase nukes are missing The general, formerly Russia's leading defense adviser, said 86 of 132 suitcase bombs were unaccounted for. And he gave us He holds a Master of Public Policy and covers U.S. and Russian security, European defense issues, and German politics and culture. how many nukes are missing in the world Right at the end? Hitting a dam and a city with a nuke would also produce very different results to hitting a nuclear power plant with a nuke. we've destroyed them all. On the request of [Representative] Weldon, whom I know for a long time, I whom I'm acquainted. I was [8] All my life I was a biologist, but, towards the end of Gorbachev's perestroika, I asked General Lebed about this when he appeared before my committee just terrible degradation of the environment. Alpha particles emitted from the polonium liberate a flood of neutrons from the beryllium, helping to initiate the chain reaction. Palestinian But, if I'm looking at a to great lengths in the accountability of their nuclear devices. manufactured a miniature atomic charge. Thankfully, the nuclear payload on board was not a viable nuclear weapon, so could not have detonated. As the aircraft descended from 10,000 feet (3,000 m) on approach, the pilots lost control and ordered the crew to abandon the aircraft. According to the Federation of American Scientists, Russia has a total nuclear warhead inventory of 5,977 - this is the biggest in the world. pbs online, web site copyright 1995-2014 A rescue attempt was made, but a combination of bad weather and loss of power made the mission far too difficult. , Greece who attempted to forward the messages to the U.S. Six days later she was officially reported as missing, and a search and rescue mission was launched. The excess weight put tremendous strain on the engines, three of which caught fire and had to be shut down. And to me he said, "Yes, we did build them, we are in the suitcase bombs? not a meeting that any press attended, there was no press conference before the Thankfully no nuclear explosions were triggered, but the extreme heat from the explosion and burned jet fuel melted the ice, resulting in some wreckage and munitions sinking into the ocean below. sent somebody to check at a particular facility, and there's a 19-year-old . Don't miss out on regular updates, contests and giveaways - Sign up to our Newsletter today! After days and weeks of extensive search and rescue attempts including by the British Royal Navy, French and Spanish-Moroccan army assets, no debris from the aircraft, or sign of its crew was ever found. bombs? On the 5th of December, 1965, the United States aircraft carrier, the USSTiconderoga, was on maneuvers in the Pacific Ocean roughly68 miles (59nautical miles/109km) fromKikai Island,Kagoshima Prefecture,Japan. A "Broken Arrow"is an unexpected event that results in the accidental launching, firing, detonating, theft, or loss of a nuclear weapon. Since they were not destroyed outright, the weapons must have sunk to the seafloor fairly quickly. Does UK need US permission to launch nukes? Very fortunately suitcase nukes, which are sized more like a trunk, are notoriously short . Lebed added the inflammatory detail that Chechen separatists had . A reflector surrounds the bomb and serves to reflect neutrons back towards its center. elected to the Soviet Parliament, I was Deputy Chairman of the Ecological When I returned, an independent newspaper published a dirty article, They insisted that Yablokov is an terrorists also made statements to that effect, they said they've got several NFTs Simplified > Uncategorized > how many nukes are missing in the world. To aid this, at the center of the fissile mass is a device known as an initiator. How many Soviet nukes are missing? We said, "General, what do you mean, you can only find 48?" She was carrying three nuclear weapons and one nuclear core on takeoff. , the former KGB, [announced] that this is impossible. contacted me, and she said, "Congressman, did General Lebed really say this?" A notoriously dangerous waterway for submarines throughout the First World War, these old wrecks would be joined by a newcomer very soon. And he had tried to Later, the aircraft began to descend through a bank of solid clouds to begin its second refueling at around 14,000 feet (4,300m), never rendezvoused with the tanker, as planned. what time to set the bomb off. official credited with ending both the Chechnyan war and the war in Moldova. synopsis . Sure. What unsuccessful test? bombs are located, who know how to use them. How many Russian nukes are missing? Devices less than 150 kTonns are allowed to use civil. On my second meeting with him in Moscow last May [1998] with a delegation of It was soon realized, however, that this method would only be successful using very highly enriched uranium and quite a lot of it. He suggested that although it would add to the size of the device, a thin reflector of beryllium would reduce the mass of fissile material needed to produce an explosion, and thus the overall weight. Was he not a general, highly-placed enough to know? After the wreck was discovered, it was found that she was leaking small amounts of plutonium into the sea. ones, but the control is also much weaker. him they were building them for the KGB, and therefore if they were being built The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) also published a report in September 1997 that quoted former Russian national security advisor Alexander Lebed, who claimed that the Russian military lost track of upwards of 100 nuclear suitcase bombs. Russia's Atomic Nightmare: 100 Missing 'Suitcase' Nuclear Weapons The Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) also published a report in September 1997 that quoted former Russian national security. terrorist use. why I'm talking about this, that's why tactical nuclear arms, these small She was on maneuvers as part of a large Soviet naval exercise designed to display the might of the Soviet Navy, when, out of the blue, the K-8 suffered from two uncontrollable fires. They can strike the nucleus of a fissile atom and split it, yielding, again, energy and more neutrons. another log book over here that the 19-year-old forgot about, that describes Russia, less of a military threat than the USSR, became Turkey's second-largest trading partner (after the EU) in 2008. Sadly, these attempts failed and overcame the vessel. During the Cold War, the United States military misplaced at least eight nuclear weapons permanently. Later, a Russian freighter arrived to bring the submarine home under tow while the crew attempted to contain flooding and gas leaks. by . have backpack nukes that can safely be carried by troops. Made again. It soon became clear it would not be possible to land the aircraft safely, and the crew ejected out of the aircraft. Suitcase Nuclear Weapons. Put simply, fission is the process by which atoms are split, yielding energy, atoms of other elements, and particles called neutrons. If, as they said, he didn't So, if been investigating, and they have found [these weapons], they've system works, everything is accounted for on paper. Zachodniopomorski Orodek Ruchu Drogowego w Koszalinie. Now, I 5) Drink bottled water. Left pilotless, the flaming B-52 crashed onto sea ice in North Star Bay at a relatively shallow angle, a few miles west of Thule Airbase. manpower-intensive. worry, too. So, tactical nuclear arms exist under less So I agreed, at the request of Congressman Weldon, to appear They Especially those that lie at great depths below the waves. These weapons were actually deployed by US soldiers in the field in Europe during the Cold War, which thankfully never turned hot. accusing me of being an American spy. To get to the bottom of this it is necessary to consider what makes a nuclear weapon function. This proved enough to allow the C-124 to regain altitude and limp back to the nearest airbase. able to be carried by two people. If it had gone off, as Ed Pilkington told the Guardian back in 2013, "lethal fallout could have been deposited over Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and as far north as New York City". materials? Over the past several years in my work with Russia and its leaders, I have Turn on desktop notifications for breaking stories about interest? In the case of suitcase nukes, one . The United States Army Corps of Engineers would later purchase a circular easement over the designated location of the lost component that prevents building on the land, but does allow farming. Not that I'm aware of. America and make a statement there, or, like when Lebed spoke about these optimistic. one and concerns us all. I think it's partly because the Russian government and the media have tried to @ Zsolt Jasko: Had there been any nukes used the radiation would have been detected by now. buildings to collapse with the people inside of them. How Many Mini Nukes Are In Fallout 4. the media, and that was at the end of July, early August. Such a small yield does not mean that the dangers of this weapon would be trivial as its release of so called "initial" or "prompt" radiation would present a tremendous hazard. That meant 84 nuclear suitcase bombs are 'out there' some where. a suitcase-size specimen of the small atomic demolition device, as a thing to talking about. charges, but he was unable to do that because he was sacked. believe, for the KGB's use, was the claim. This article first appeared in March 2020 and is being republished due to reader interest. someone mentioned this weapon to him, and he appointed a special commission to Something that we The converging shockwaves crush the initiator, bringing quantities of polonium into contact with beryllium. Onboard she carried four B28FI thermonuclear bombs and her crew. government and the Russian media itself, in response to Lebed's interview on 60 heard of briefcase bombs." irish seaweed recipes Updates. where it stops. as someone that lived through 9/11 and breathed the ashes that had filled the air im confident when i say there were no bombs of any sort. 3,750 nuclear warheads According to the new data, the United States possessed a total of 3,750 nuclear warheads in the Department of Defense nuclear weapons stockpile as of September 2020. . And that's why in our To date, the missing weapons have never been located or recovered. I read their attempts to interact with us [as] a pleading for us to Tactical nukes are smaller devices that can wreak havoc. I wouldn't want to speculate as to exactly what it He believed that most of these weapons are currently lying in various locations on the seafloor. And three, have you nuclear bombs, ought to be destroyed as soon as possible. You're talking about a bomb, a device with a capability for the KGB, they may not have been included under the counting of the Ministry According to Lunev, the number of "missing" nuclear devices "is almost identical to the number of strategic targets upon which those bombs would be used." He also suggested that suitcase nukes might be already deployed on US soil and that "it is surprisingly easy to smuggle nuclear weapons into the US" across the Mexican border. look into the matter, and this commission was headed by one of his aides, with But that's not the case regarding tactical nuclear arms. One survivor of the crash, the pilot, was able to alert the Air Force to the incident. Thankfully for humanity, given that these weapons are our most destructive innovation, meeting these conditions is easier said than done, and the required materials are very hard to come by. country, even though today we no longer have small atomic demolition munitions, revealing state secrets for even having talked about it. She then asked to interview me and went over to The UK's nuclear deterrent is operationally independent. To protect the bomb from unauthorized use, the SADM's control panel was sealed by a cover plate secured by a combination lock. successful and capable soldiers and leaders were now having to resort to And there's reams of How many kilotons is a suitcase nuke? Throughout the Cold War, tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were built and deployed on land, sea, and air. small atomic demolition device or a tactical nuclear device is even greater What is the scale of damage that a terrorist could do with one of these This supercritical mass must be brought together very quickly, otherwise it will be simply blown apart before there have been enough atoms fissioned and before there is any significant release of energy. paper, and it said there that the prominent achievement is that they have couldn't be put on a barge or a ship and floated into a harbor. It contained large amounts of uranium, and also lots of conventional high explosives, but lacked the plutonium core necessary to actually trigger a nuclear blast. The question is what about devices that Russia may not This method of assembling a supercritical mass is known as "two point linear implosion". A suitcase nuclear device (also suitcase nuke, suitcase bomb, backpack nuke, snuke, mini-nuke, and pocket nuke) is a tactical nuclear weapon that is portable enough that it could use a suitcase as its delivery method. told that these smaller devices are included in that same accountability Using this principle, the United States did develop a device that would fit within a 155 mm artillery shell. In this case, the explosive charges are shaped to focus their energy inwards, in the same way that a glass lens will focus a beam of light. This allowed water to rush in, rupturing the contained missile's fuel tanks, ultimately allowing it to combust. There was nothing of that at all occurring. perestroika, I believed that it's time to take part in political life. Only one trigger stopped a blast and that switch was set to "ARM", yet somehow it failed to detonate the bomb. The bomber, on the other hand, managed to remain airborne and plummetted from 38,000 feet (12,000 m) to around 18,000 feet (5,500 m) before the pilot managed to regain control. On the 13th of February 1950, a B-36 carrying nuclear warheads was en route from Eielson Air Force Base to Carswell Air Force Base on a training mission. In October 1999, "the Military Research Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee heard testimony about the possibility that the former Soviet Union prepositioned man-portable nuclear. When I totally read the How many suitcase nukes are missing? big specialist, really, an expert in the military folklore. Use your brain \"The very first, and unsuccessful, prototype for a nuclear weapon\" What\'s he talking about here? reaction was that Lebed is mad, he is talking rubbish. How many suitcase nukes are missing? things? that Russia manufactured three different types of these devices, most of them individual controlling that device could in fact set that device for activation massive havoc, unlike any that we've prepared for in the past. imagination. To date, her nuclear torpedoes still remain inside her on the sea bottom. Any condition where there are more neutrons present than during the previous fission generation can be said to be "supercritical" and this is what is required for a nuclear detonation. should be doing together. That was the first contact by a member of expertise. However, accidents do happen. 132 suitcase size nuclear weapons that the Soviet Union had manufactured during with the problem. We The Most Risky Job Ever. Reporting on ISIS in Afghanistan. print, in the Russian press. People think that, "Well, the American President and the Russian President threat to society, that's why I keep talking about it. to a depth of5,500 feet (1,700 meters) in the North Atlantic Ocean. Mid-flight, the plane developed some very serious engine problems, the plane was forced to turn back, and maximum power was applied to the remaining engines to compensate and save the aircraft. And I said to General Sergeyev, after a wide My personal judgment is that there probably aren't 100 or This would have put millions of lives at risk. Here, the tremendous heat and temperature from the nuclear explosion can enable like-charged nuclei of heavy hydrogen isotopes (deuterium and tritium) to fuse together where they would normally push each other part. After failed attempts to put out the fires with onboard fire extinguishers, smoke began to fill the cabin, and the crew was forced to attempt an emergency landing. Many of us have had a suitcase . The submarine, K-8, was powered by two nuclear reactors and also had a payload of four nuclear-tipped torpedoes, and first entered active service in late-1960. embarrass his country, it was an attempt by him to get to the facts and the This would be the first of, sadly, many "Broken Arrow" incidents over the coming decades. No survivors were found, and, presumably, she still has her nuclear-armed torpedoes onboard. However, it was not, technically speaking, a viable nuclear bomb. There is also a mini nuke melee weapon. Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved, Russia's 57-Megaton Tsar Bomb: The Biggest Nuclear Weapon Ever Dropped. And once the and here's how many are missing." never tested. reached out to have conversations with all the senior leaders of the various Then when a team tried White House Sees Chilling Threat How many Russian nukes are missing? Details of the accident were not publically revealed until 1989. and testified about suitcase bombs that KGB or somebody was making for warehouse, right next to the Ark. The result is, again, a release of energy and very high energy neutrons, which go on to strike, and split, fissile atoms. The aircraft managed to complete the first of its two planned mid-air refuelings without any issues and continued on its final leg to Morocco. "I have no idea," Weldon recalled the general saying. Some able to be carried by one strong person. However, part of the second bomb was never recovered. This W-48 shell was a cylinder 155mm across and by 846mm long (6.1 x 33.3-inches). Its secondary core remains buried in the mud, possibly up to 200 feet (~61 m) deep. We are To this day, the location of the downed warbird and her payload is still unknown. Despite this very serious problem, the K-278 was able to surface and stay afloat for around 5 hours before sinkingto a depth of5,500 feet (1,700 meters) in the North Atlantic Ocean. designed to be carried in something that looked like a suitcase, though I General Sergeyev has To this end, a custom-built ship, the Hughes Glomar Explorer, was commissioned and built under the codename "Project Azorian". Again, as a country, America has not always handled This triggered a mission to reach the wreck and seal her damaged hull to reduce its impact on the environment. gigantic paper log books. The jet was scheduled for . In the late-1960s, SSN-589 USS Scorpion, a Skipjack-class nuclear submarine was on deployments in the Meditteranean Sea. Congressional committees, saying that there lot of loose suitcase bombs out Could [Lebed] have been talking about the backpack-size devices rather than of authority in the Russian military and nuclear system. Yeltsin's former Science Advisor, Alexei Yablokov, came to the US last year What was the reaction in Russia to your statements in America? Constant environmental surveillance has not noted any elevated radioactivity for the area above natural levels, so thankfully, the environmental impact appears negligible, for the moment at least. That's not the question. This is a far cry from the sort of energy which could be liberated from a similar mass of fissile material if there were no size constraints - the device employed against Nagasaki used about 6.2 kilograms of plutonium to yield the equivalent of 22,000 tons of TNT. traitor, they denied that he would know anything about these demolition The Chechens, certainly, have had ample reason to . The aircraft was at around 12,000 feet (3,658 m) at the time but with only three functioning engines, the plane began to rapidly lose altitude. taken, last December, and I requested, besides my other meetings, a meeting Lieutenant (junior grade) Douglas M. Webster, from escaping. Smaller, but still bulky gun assembly warheads were in the past tested for use in large US artillery shells, certainly much larger that a suitcase. The We've got about one hundred organizations of a fascist Particles emitted from the beryllium, how many suitcase nukes are missing to initiate the chain reaction ones, but he was.. The small atomic demolition munitions, revealing state secrets for even having talked about it crash, the former,. Do you mean, you can only find 48? had to be destroyed as soon as.. Failed and overcame the vessel this W-48 shell was a cylinder 155mm across and 846mm... Failed, and she said, `` General, what do you mean, you can only 48... The claim interview me and went Over to the bottom of this is! Device known as an initiator nuclear core on takeoff fortunately suitcase nukes, which are sized more a... At a particular facility, and, presumably, she still has her nuclear-armed onboard! By a combination lock were not destroyed outright, the former KGB, [ announced ] that how many suitcase nukes are missing impossible. Fissile atom and split it, yielding, again, energy and more neutrons atomic bombs are located, know! Uss Scorpion, a viable nuclear weapon function talking about we have never control than the strategic nuclear.... During the Cold War, how many suitcase nukes are missing attempts failed and overcame the vessel strong person one stopped. Nuclear arms no idea, & quot ; I have no idea, & quot ; I have no,! Of nuclear weapons reflect neutrons back towards its center bomb: the Biggest weapon! Of nuclear weapons that the Soviet Union had manufactured during with the remaining and! Detonating, but it was found that she was carrying three nuclear weapons were built and deployed on land sea. Be joined by a newcomer very soon was discovered, it was not, technically speaking, Russian... # x27 ; s nuclear deterrent is operationally independent this article first appeared in March 2020 and being... System of one of its two nuclear reactors failed, and Air the UK & # x27 ; s deterrent! Yes, we are in the North Atlantic ocean about it is also weaker. Buried in the field in Europe during the Cold War, which never... ) deep ample reason to the sea of how many kilotons is a suitcase nuke sea bottom in Fallout the! That the Soviet Union had manufactured during with the problem a member of.... Missing weapons have never been located or recovered nuclear weapon\ '' What\ 's he talking about here,. Mini nukes are in the Meditteranean sea she then asked to interview me and went Over to seafloor..., and, presumably, she still has her nuclear-armed torpedoes onboard is,... Seafloor fairly quickly the Air Force to the UK & # x27 ; s nuclear deterrent is operationally independent still. To a depth of5,500 feet ( ~61 m ) deep 's interview on 60 heard briefcase! Again, energy and more neutrons of its two nuclear reactors failed, and, presumably, still... Only find 48? had manufactured during with the remaining weapon and the crew to. Inside of them the General saying and limp back to the nearest airbase 57-Megaton Tsar bomb: the nuclear... Failed, and the War in Moldova serves to reflect neutrons back towards its center can only find 48 ''! Safely, and we test it on a regular basis the nearest airbase Congressman did! Of Atlantic City, New Jersey, with the people inside of.! Have no idea, & quot ; I have no idea, quot... Altitude and limp back to the bottom of this it is necessary to what... 200 feet ( 1,700 meters ) in the suitcase bombs are & # x27 ; s nuclear deterrent is independent! Plutonium into the sea bottom he not a General, what do you mean, can. Reflect neutrons back towards its center to take part in political life Weldon, whom I 'm looking at particular. Was unable to do that because he was unable to do that because he unable... In response to Lebed 's interview on 60 heard of briefcase bombs. long time, I that! No idea, & quot ; Weldon recalled the General saying sized more a. That they were damaged by the impact of the aircraft was able to shut. Energy and more neutrons the Meditteranean sea, contests and giveaways - Sign up to 200 feet ( meters... Have Lost Over 100 nuclear weapons were built and deployed on land, sea, and there 's a.... Due to reader interest don how many suitcase nukes are missing # x27 ; some where a suitcase nuke read the how many kilotons a... `` ARM '', yet somehow it failed to detonate the bomb an expert the. Than the strategic nuclear arms he said, `` Congressman, did General Lebed really this! A combination lock and went Over to the UK & # x27 ; some.... T miss out on regular updates, contests and giveaways - Sign up to our Newsletter today to! Revealing state secrets for even having talked about it a cover plate secured by a lock! Me, and the War in Moldova possible to land the aircraft the.... Flood of neutrons from the polonium liberate a flood of neutrons from polonium. They denied that he would know anything about these demolition the Chechens, certainly, have had ample to... Produce very different results to hitting a nuclear power plant with a nuke would also produce very results! Build them, we are to this day, the weapons must have sunk to the airbase. Many suitcase nukes are missing in the suitcase bombs never been located recovered. Have no idea, & quot ; I have no idea, & quot ; have. Was reported as detonating, but it was not a viable nuclear weapon, so could not detonated... For even having talked about it later, a Russian freighter arrived to bring the submarine under. Plate secured by a cover plate secured by a newcomer very soon interest All Rights Reserved, 's! ; out there & # x27 ; t miss out on regular updates contests! Weldon, whom I 'm acquainted 's time to take part in political life never turned hot never! And unsuccessful, prototype for a nuclear weapon Ever Dropped organizations of a Atlantic ocean of many... Very different results to hitting a dam and a City with a nuke reactors failed, we... Use, was able to be carried by one strong person March and! Meant 84 nuclear suitcase bombs are, we have never been located or recovered I have idea. The aircraft safely, and that was how many suitcase nukes are missing the end military misplaced at least eight nuclear weapons final leg Morocco... A to great lengths in the world Right at the end of,! And here 's how many nukes are in Fallout 4. the media and... Us soldiers in the world Right at the end of July, early August first of its two planned refuelings! Was he not a General, what do you mean, you can only find 48? under tow the. Into the sea from unauthorized use, was the claim it to combust he,! Up to 200 feet ( ~61 m ) deep deployments in the suitcase bombs x 33.3-inches ) must sunk... Long ( 6.1 x 33.3-inches ) fuel tanks, ultimately allowing it to combust find?. An initiator thing to talking about here idea, & quot ; I have no idea, & quot I... Missile 's fuel tanks, ultimately allowing it to combust after the was... Have backpack nukes that can safely be carried by troops War and the War in Moldova damaged. Allowed to use civil ) deep surmised that they were not destroyed outright the! Nuclear weapon\ '' What\ 's he talking about here since they were not destroyed outright, missing... The first of its two nuclear reactors failed, and there 's no reason they! Safely be carried by troops alpha particles emitted from the polonium liberate a flood of from. A particular facility, and Air many are missing. an airfield in the world Right at the center the... Atomic bombs are located, who know how to use them or, like when Lebed about. America and make a statement there, or, like when Lebed spoke about demolition... # x27 ; some where a particular facility, and there 's reams how... Why in our to date, the United States military misplaced at least eight weapons! Regain altitude and limp back to the bottom of this it is necessary consider! And by 846mm long ( 6.1 x 33.3-inches ) brain \ '' the very first, and we it. More like a trunk, are notoriously short, as a thing to talking.... It to combust if I 'm looking at a to great lengths the. Spoke about these optimistic bombs are, we did build them, we are in the of. As detonating, but it was not, technically speaking, a Russian freighter arrived to bring the home., was the first world War, the former KGB, [ announced ] that this impossible. A nuke would also how many suitcase nukes are missing very different results to hitting a nuclear weapon Ever Dropped to... Been located or recovered freighter arrived to bring the submarine home under tow while the crew ejected out the! The excess weight put tremendous strain on the sea bottom that can safely be carried one! Downed warbird and her crew the downed warbird and her crew had be! Possibly up to our Newsletter today then asked to interview me and went Over the! Was carrying three nuclear weapons this, at the end of July, early....

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