[67] As of 1877, Alexander Ross reported that thirteen towns in the Cameroon region speak Efik and had an aggregate population of about 22,000. [76] Uffp (native gin) is distilled from palm wine and is sometimes mixed with the bark of Edat to increase the alcoholic content. And there are definitely more than 10 Ekpe members still around today. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). [45] What is most certain is that the Efik arrived Creek Town led by Edidem Eyo Ema Atai together with Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai, Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai, Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo and several others. In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . [51] When the twins were older, they left for the opposite end of the island to Duke town. laja Tachiri Obi Ruo gwgw: O Nyefere lasha r Ya When the threads are cut, the nsibidi designs stand out, white against a deep blue background. In the Song of Ocol, Lawino's husband gives his side, arguing that: Ocol throws Lawino out of his house because: Ocol says that "__________________________ are chains around the neck, chains of slavery". Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. ekpe society cameroon. Cameroon: Manyu Cultural Counsellor Honoured - allAfrica.com The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. African Script - Culture - Nigeria [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. kp had four major roles in pre-colonial life. 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Historians recognize the advent and rapid rise of Ekpe as a direct result of a need for a new and effective mechanism of sociopolitical control in the complex economic environment created by the Atlantic slave trade. One account narrates that the Mbiabo group left first to their present location while the Iboku, Enwang and other clans were still at Ndodoghi. AHR ~ 125 Ivor L. Miller Papers - Amherst College - ArchivesSpace . Photo by Eli Bentor. The society is now seen as a fraternity along the masonic lines which tries to represent the interest of Efiks. They migrated from Bateka and settled in their current location in flight. [37] The Uruan invasion at Ikpa Ene is believed to be the origin of the Efik saying, "Ama okut Ibibio, ku n enye ika, Idem amasat Ibibio eyewot owo"(English: When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you). Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." a warrior-hunter who, despite having been a cripple, becomes the founder of an empire. The Prestigious Ekpe Masquerade of Calabar | ngEmbassy It was found in operation among a tribe down the coast towards Camaroons, but was improved and extended in its new field of operations.[60]. In the culture we have discussed, the term fadenya refers to: the relationship between father and child, and half siblings - requiring self-assertion, independence, innovation, and competition. Efik society consists of various clans which were originally known as "Esien Efik itiaba" (English: Seven clans of Efik) and later known in the 21st century as "Esien Efik Duopeba" (English: Twelve clans of Efik). On behalf of Ekpe-USA Leadership, I hereby remind every member of Ngbe who has taken the aoth that our fathers and great grand fathers took to uphold those sacred traditions and beliefs, to immediately start preparations to do what they must do to send our brother to join our ancestors. Formerly the society earned a bad reputation due to what the British viewed as the barbarous customs that were intermingled with its rites. [26][28] This theory was narrated at the Hart's enquiry by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku but has been criticised by Uruan writers such as Dominic Essien. Members are bound by oath of secrecy, and fees on entrance are payable. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. Refworld | Nigeria: A cult known as Ekpe na Mboko Other trading items sold by the Efik included rubber, ivory, barwood and redwood. [43] Stephen D. Behrendt and Eric J. Graham revealed in a 2003 publication that by the time the first documented European sailing vessel arrived in 1625, the Efik had already settled at Creek Town and Old Town. The Efik people occupy the basins of the Lower Cross River, down to southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi, the Calabar River and down to its streams - the Kwa River, Akpayafe (Akpa Ikang) and the Eniong Creek. [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . [64] They insisted that Obutong be completely destroyed. Cameroon-Nigeria Relations, 1884-1961: A Study in Political, Economic and Social Interactions Between Two Nigerian Neighbouring States. Efik Traditional Attires The Efik are an ethnic group - RefinedNG All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. The Efik people speak the Efik language, which is a BenueCongo language of the Cross River family. The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. The ekpo masquerade, occurring to the south and east of Benin, is performed by the warrior age group in ceremonies to purify the village ritually and to maintain health. [12], The Efik were noted for their involvement in the slave trade were they acted as slave traders and middlemen between the inland slave traders and the Europeans. Also join us across all of our other channels - we love to be connected! The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. [36] According to Aye, "Ikpa Ene could not carry the bulk of Iboku population, Ndodoghi had to accommodate what spilt over, and the two settlements, still under one rule, were separated by the left branch of the river which became their "inland sea". Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. What is a Free Agent "A free agent is one who isn't privileged with even one pure Leopard spiritline from the survivors of the Great Attempt. EKPE SOCIETY: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DC EKPE LODGE - Blogger Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. [61] Due to the fall in global demand for slaves and several other factors, the kings and chiefs of Old Calabar wrote to the British requesting that they send teachers and missionaries to Old Calabar to establish industries and introduce the religion of the white man to them. The traditional institution of manyu division cameroon 1990 2011 an [62][63] The first missionaries arrived in 1846. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. Hope Waddell, Foreign commerce soon brought Calabar affairs into such a state, that the want of a bond of union among the different families, and of a supreme authority to enforce peace and order between equals and rivals, became apparent; and the Egbo institution was adopted. Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African It has a variety of different characters and is indigenous to areas of Southeastern Nigeria and . They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. Types of African Print Fabrics You Should Know Of - Fashinza Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references There are different narratives on the arrival of the Efik at Creek Town. The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. [9] The largest group moved to Creek town from Ndodoghi led by the priest-king Eyo Ema Atai.[38]. The Ekpe-men are ranked in seven or nine grades, for promotion to each of which fresh initiation ceremonies, fees and oaths are necessary.[1]. [72] Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What events prevent their success? The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. [53] Aphrom was a corruption of Ephraim which was an anglicised form of the Efik name Efiom. Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. The Neegee is a cannibalistic group that feeds on human flesh to satisfy their God, and to gain power from that God. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. Posted on March 01, 2015 English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. The Ekpe is a men's society found in Abiriba, Aro-chukwu, Ohafia and many other Bende communities in Igbo land, it is a variation of the important Egbo Ejagham ( Ekoi) in the Upper Cross-River as well as the Efik Ekpe Society of Calabar. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. The Oroko Nation: A Look into the Past - Oroko Nation Further Perspectives on Kifwebe Masquerades - MIT Press The cloth is traditionally used as either a wrapper, worn by high- ranking members of Ekpe group who often . Origin and Early History of The Ibibio People of Nigeria According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. The Ekale and their famous shaking shoulders performing at the "Under the Volcano Festival", Limbe Cameroon. . I am manyang Mathilda Nkwo of Akiriba village , upperbanyang and I am and still is oneof the oldest living practing manyangero in Manyu. [37] When many of the Efik had left for Ndodoghi, a series of unfortunate events occurred. Among these secret societies were Ekpe, Obon and Nsibidi. The Ekpe Masquerade - SlideShare In part because of their appropriation, exclusive use, and understanding of nsibidi, Ekpe members in the pre-colonial past were thought to have access to the spiritual realm and were, therefore, empowered to make and enforce societal rules and norms. of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. PDF (PDF) Lalimentazione In Ostaggio Le Mani Delle Multinazionali Su Quel Thanks for signing up for our daily insight on the African economy. The Social Significance and Implications of the Ekpe - PhilArchive He views the Cuban initiation system known as Abaku, which was based on kp society, as a collective way for African descendants to maintain their historical memory. Brooklyn Museum The symbols are arranged in a grid, giving the cloths an orderly, symmetrical quality that is often reinforced by repeated patterns.

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